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Research priorities for the U.S. farm economy include increasing the productivity and cost efficiency on current land resources while understanding production agriculture across the globe. Providing unbiased objective analysis to policymakers with regard to commodity programs, insurance markets, agricultural credit, and the production of bioenergy are important issues that directly affect not only the U.S. farm economy but other agricultural regions. The ability to manage risk, the increasing complexity of farm operations, the ability of the U.S. farm sector to be nimble to changes in individual and societal preferences, and the efficient discovery of information through efficient markets offer a wealth of research opportunities.

Microeconomic funding decision is complex and must ensure the selection of sources of financing at the lowest cost of procurement, but other economic criteria and constraints to which a company is subject. We distinguish, depending on the destination of the financing sources, two categories: short-term financing sources to cover the needs of the exploitation cycle and medium and long-term funding sources for investment financing. Depending on sources of origin, sources of funding are grouped into equity and borrowed sources. The paper presents the situation of a company that needs borrowed sources of short-term loans to finance the needs of the operating cycle. Depending on the offer, the bank accesses a short-term loan package considered advantageous for the development and development of the specific activity.

This paper investigates the geographic distribution of payday lenders and banks that operate throughout the United States. State-level data are used to indicate differences in the regulatory environment across the states. Given the different constrains on interest rates and other aspects of the payday loan products, we empirically examine the relationship between the number of payday lender stores and various demographic and economic characteristics. Our results indicate that number of stores is positively related to the percentage of African American population, the percentage of population that is aged 15 and under and the poverty rate. The number of stores is also negatively related to income per capita and educational levels.

I incorporate household debt and delinquency decisions into a standard model of lifecycle consumption-saving-investment. I also impose a punishment to the delinquent behavior by assuming that the percentage of endowment available is a linear function of the default decision. Theoretically such additional investor decisions are playing a relevant role in terms of completing markets. In practice, it enables me to derive an extended system of Euler equations which does not alter consumption-based fundamental asset pricing equation. It imposes the pricing kernel to account jointly for two additional first-order conditions. I perform empirical exercises aiming to price equity premium in United States from 1987:1 to 2018:1. I find significant elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption of the representative agent ranging from 0.24 to 0.55 and risk aversion from 1.82 to 3.51. This approach is also useful to account for the cross-section behavior of domestic assets. I can also use this framework to draw bounds for the household decisions on loan and delinquency and to propose a new rule of thumb relating preferences parameters and credit variables.

Although the insurance industry is less affected than the banking industry, the credit crisis has revealed room for improvement in its risk management and supervision. Based on this observation, we formulate ten consequences for risk management and insurance regulation. Many of these reflect current discussions in academia and practice, but we also add a number of new ideas that have not yet been the focus of discussion. Among these are specific aspects of agency and portfolio theory, a concept for a controlled run-off for insolvent insurers, new principles in stress testing, improved communication aspects, market discipline, and accountability. Another contribution of this paper is to embed the current practitioners' discussion in the recent academic literature, for example, with regard to the regulation of financial conglomerates.

The article analyses implications for risk management in insurance arising from the current financial crisis. After a brief comparison of the insurance to the banking world, we discuss the root causes of the current financial crisis with a particular focus on risk management and incentives. Against the backdrop of this discussion, lessons are derived from an insurance risk management point of view. In particular, the article pleads for a pronounced external and forward-looking approach to supplement the traditional methodology, which tends to be more inward-looking and ultimately backward-oriented.

The financial crisis has led to controversial discussions about the capital base of the European insurance industry. Dividend cuts have been suggested to preserve capital. However, some observers seem to fear that investors could interpret a reduction of dividends as a sign of future problems. The empirical evidence reported here does not indicate that dividend smoothing or dividend signalling are relevant economic phenomena examining the dividend policy of the European insurance industry. Therefore, insurance companies should not be too concerned about the negative consequences of dividend cuts.

We consider probabilistic approaches and stress tests as methods for regulators to set the minimum solvency margin for insurers. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. We assess the implications of the global financial crisis for each method, concentrating on life insurers. We have concerns that the probabilities used in probabilistic approaches are not robust. Regulators may find it beneficial to focus on the use of stress tests, although there are lessons to learn from the global financial crisis about the design and use of such tests.

This study investigates the impact of UAE’s Green Credit Policy on the non-performing loan. One of the main pillars in the UAE green agenda 2015–2030 is the green finance that has been growing in high acceleration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the whole world. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to investigate in the financial risks that associated with green lending and whether an increasing in green lending will decrease the non-performing loans ratio (NPLR) of UAE banks, based on the period 2015–2020 dataset of 23 UAE’s banks. To achieve this objective, we have used a regression technique that includes a two-stage least square regression analysis and random-effect regression analysis to test if the increase in green credit ratio can reduce the NPL ratio in a sample of UAE’s banks. The current study can be considered the first empirical attempt that conducted on the banking sector in UAE, to discover the variables that might have a direct impact on the NPL ratio. The results reveal that the ratio of green loans has a negative impact on the NPL ratio, as much as the return of equity, while the quality of credit, inefficiency, and the bank size have a positive impact on NPL ratio. But as was not as expected, we found that the impact of solvency ratio has a negative significant on the NPL ratio. Finally, the current study introduces a new value to the current literature about the impact of green lending policies and provides a new perspective which supports the financial sustainability in UAE.