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Goodnight, Irene : a novel
Abandoning her abusive fiancâe in New York in 1943 to enlist with the Red Cross and head to Europe, Irene Woodward befriends Dorothy Dunford as they join the Allied soldiers streaming into France after D-Day where they are embroiled in danger, from the Battle of the Bulge to the liberation of Buchenwald, and where Irene learns to trust again through their friendship.\"
Book
Emergency Medical Service Response Time for Road Traffic Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Analysis of National Data (2016–2020)
Despite preventive measures and initiatives, road traffic accidents are on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the emergency medical service unit’s response to RTA by socio-demographic and accident-related variables in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This retrospective survey included Saudi Red Crescent Authority data on road traffic accidents between 2016 and 2020. As part of the study, information on sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, and nationality), accident-related data (type and place of the accident), and response time to road traffic accidents were extracted. Our study included 95,372 cases of road traffic accidents recorded by the Saudi Red Crescent Authority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2020. Descriptive analyses were performed to explore the emergency medical service unit’s response time to road traffic accidents, and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictors of response time. Most of the road traffic accident cases were among males (59.1%), and the age group of 25–34 years accounted for about a quarter (24.3%), while the mean age of the road traffic accident cases was 30.13 (±12.86) years. Among the regions, the capital city of Riyadh experienced the highest proportion of road traffic accidents (25.3%). In most road traffic accidents, the mission acceptance time was excellent (0–60 s; 93.7%), movement duration was excellent (<120 s; 91.1%), reaching site duration was excellent (<12 min; 57.9%), treatment start time was excellent (<120 s; 76.4%), duration at the scene was poor (>15 min; 40.8%), reaching hospital duration was good (30–60 min; 52.7%), and in-hospital duration was poor (>15 min; 44.1%). Regions, places and types of accidents, age, gender, and nationality of victims were significantly associated with different parameters of response time. Excellent response time was observed in most of the parameters except the duration at the scene, reaching hospital duration, and in-hospital duration. Apart from the initiatives to prevent road traffic accidents, policymakers should focus on strategies to improve accident response time to save lives.
Journal Article
Models for Flow Rate Simulation in Gear Pumps: A Review
Gear pumps represent the majority of the fixed displacement machines used for flow generation in fluid power systems. In this context, the paper presents a review of the different methodologies used in the last years for the simulation of the flow rates generated by gerotor, external gear and crescent pumps. As far as the lumped parameter models are concerned, different ways of selecting the control volumes into which the pump is split are analyzed and the main governing equations are presented. The principles and the applications of distributed models from 1D to 3D are reported. A specific section is dedicated to the methods for the evaluation of the necessary geometric quantities: analytic, numerical and Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-based. The more recent studies taking into account the influence on leakages of the interactions between the fluid and the mechanical parts are explained. Finally the models for the simulation of the fluid aeration are described. The review brings to evidence the increasing effort for improving the simulation models used for the design and the optimization of the gear machines.
Journal Article
Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent
We sequenced Early Neolithic genomes from the Zagros region of Iran (eastern Fertile Crescent), where some of the earliest evidence for farming is found, and identify a previously uncharacterized population that is neither ancestral to the first European farmers nor has contributed substantially to the ancestry of modern Europeans. These people are estimated to have separated from Early Neolithic farmers in Anatolia some 46,000 to 77,000 years ago and show affinities to modern-day Pakistani and Afghan populations, but particularly to Iranian Zoroastrians. We conclude that multiple, genetically differentiated hunter-gatherer populations adopted farming in southwestern Asia, that components of pre-Neolithic population structure were preserved as farming spread into neighboring regions, and that the Zagros region was the cradle of eastward expansion.
Journal Article
The Battle for Algeria
InThe Battle for AlgeriaJennifer Johnson reinterprets one of the most violent wars of decolonization: the Algerian War (1954-1962). Johnson argues that the conflict was about who-France or the National Liberation Front (FLN)-would exercise sovereignty of Algeria. The fight between the two sides was not simply a military affair; it also involved diverse and competing claims about who was positioned to better care for the Algerian people's health and welfare. Johnson focuses on French and Algerian efforts to engage one another off the physical battlefield and highlights the social dimensions of the FLN's winning strategy, which targeted the local and international arenas. Relying on Algerian sources, which make clear the centrality of health and humanitarianism to the nationalists' war effort, Johnson shows how the FLN leadership constructed national health care institutions that provided critical care for the population and functioned as a protostate. Moreover, Johnson demonstrates how the FLN's representatives used postwar rhetoric about rights and national self-determination to legitimize their claims, which led to international recognition of Algerian sovereignty.
By examining the local context of the war as well as its international dimensions, Johnson deprovincializes North Africa and proposes a new way to analyze how newly independent countries and nationalist movements engage with the international order. The Algerian case exposed the hypocrisy of selectively applying universal discourse and provided a blueprint for claim-making that nonstate actors and anticolonial leaders throughout the Third World emulated. Consequently,The Battle for Algeriaexplains the FLN's broad appeal and offers new directions for studying nationalism, decolonization, human rights, public health movements, and concepts of sovereignty.
eBook
Development of Image-Based Water Level Sensor with High-Resolution and Low-Cost Using Image Processing Algorithm: Application to Outgassing Measurements from Gas-Enriched Polymer
A high-resolution and low-cost image-based water level sensor was developed using an image processing algorithm. The sensor measures water levels in six channels simultaneously. The image processing algorithm automatically identifies water level images and determines the water levels by analyzing the brightness of the images. The measured water levels were verified by comparison with the calibrated water levels using known length standards. The performance test results of the developed water level sensor were compared with those of commercial water level sensors, demonstrating a superior resolution of 0.06 mm and an inexpensive cost of USD 80. In addition, the developed sensor demonstrated an accuracy of 0.9%, a stability of 0.3%, an adjustable measurement range, and an instantaneous response time. In conclusion, the image-based water level sensor that was developed provides a reliable method for real-time visual monitoring of water levels in six channels simultaneously.
Journal Article
Complement Activation Is Associated With Crescents in IgA Nephropathy
IntroductionCrescents, especially those found at a percentage greater than 50%, are often associated with rapid progression of kidney disease in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The mechanism of crescents forming in IgAN is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether excess complement activation participates in the formation of crescents in IgAN.MethodsOne hundred IgAN patients with various proportions of crescents—24 with 1%–24%, 27 with 25%–49%, 21 with 50%–74% 12 with more than 75%, and 16 without crescents—were included. Urinary concentrations of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Bb, C4d, C3a, C5a, and soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) were measured at the time of biopsy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to evaluate predictive ability of renal survival for urine complement activation. In addition, historical C4d, C5b-9, and C3d were stained by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIgAN patients with more than 50% crescent formation showed higher complement activation levels than the other patients (urinary C3a/creatinine (C3a/Cr): 6.7295 ng/mg, interquartile range (IQR) 1.4652–62.1086 ng/mg vs. 0.1055 ng/mg, IQR 0–1.4089 ng/mg; urinary C5a/Cr: 15.6202 ng/mg, 4.3127–66.7347 ng/mg vs. 0.3280 ng/mg, IQR 0.0859–2.4439 ng/mg; urinary sC5b-9/Cr: 98.6357 ng/mg, 8.8058–1,087.4578 ng/mg vs. 1.4262 ng/mg, 0.0916–11.0858 ng/mg, all p -values <0.001). The levels of urinary MBL and C4d representing lectin complement pathway showed a linear association with the proportion of crescents (r = 0.457 and 0.562, respectively, both p -values <0.001). Combined urine complement products could increase the predictive ability compared with crescents alone from 0.904 to 0.944 ( p = 0.062) with borderline significance. Moreover, the glomerular C4d deposition rate elevated with the increase of proportions of crescents.ConclusionExcess complement activation may be involved in the formation of crescents, especially diffuse crescent formation, in patients with IgAN. Urinary C4d correlated with the proportion of crescents and was a potential biomarker for disease monitoring in crescentic IgAN.
Journal Article
Volunteered Geographic Information for Disaster Risk Reduction—The Missing Maps Approach and Its Potential within the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
For the last few years, the increasing need for humanitarian support has led to increasing demand and responsibilities for the international humanitarian system. This trend raises questions regarding the use of alternative and complementary data sources and potential additional actors and communities that could be involved in support efforts and cover some of the tasks of humanitarian organizations. The article provides an overview of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, their practices and activities as well as current needs and challenges. The article illustrates the potential of OpenStreetMap and digital volunteers for humanitarian activities, with a particular focus on disaster risk reduction in the scope of the Missing Maps project. The background and objective of the collaborative project as well as its potential and impact for the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement are elucidated. The conclusion and outlook section presents future plans and visions to make further use of the potential of the Missing Maps approach in additional sectors and contexts.
Journal Article
Emergence of Agriculture in the Foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran
The role of Iran as a center of origin for domesticated cereals has long been debated. High stratigraphie resolution and rich archaeological remains at the aceramic Neolithic site of Chogha Golan (Ham Province, present-day Iran) reveal a sequence ranging over 2200 years of cultivation of wild plants and the first appearance of domesticated-type species. The botanical record from Chogha Golan documents how the inhabitants of the site cultivated wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and other wild progenitor species of modern crops, such as wild lentil and pea. Wild wheat species (Triticum spp.) are initially present at less than 10% of total plant species but increase to more than 20% during the last 300 years of the sequence. Around 9800 calendar years before the present, domesticated-type emmer appears. The archaeobotanical remains from Chogha Golan represent the earliest record of long-term plant management in Iran.
Journal Article