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"Criminal anthropology - History"
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The Criminal Body
This fascinating book traces the evolution of the \"criminal body\" by focusing on the work of Cesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and anthropologist, who is widely held to be the father of modern criminology. Building on Lombroso's concept of the \"born criminal\" and the idea that bodies could be used as evidence in criminal investigations, The Criminal Body offers an intriguing window into the origins of today's criminological science.
eBook
The Criminal Brain, Second Edition
What is the relationship between criminality and biology? Nineteenth-century phrenologists insisted that criminality was innate, inherent in the offender's brain matter. While they were eventually repudiated as pseudo-scientists, today the pendulum has swung back. Both criminologists and biologists have begun to speak of a tantalizing but disturbing possibility: that criminality may be inherited as a set of genetic deficits that place one at risk to commit theft, violence, or acts of sexual deviance. But what do these new theories really assert? Are they as dangerous as their forerunners, which the Nazis and other eugenicists used to sterilize, incarcerate, and even execute thousands of supposed \"born\" criminals? How can we prepare for a future in which leaders may propose crime-control programs based on biology?In this second edition ofThe Criminal Brain, Nicole Rafter, Chad Posick, and Michael Rocque describe early biological theories of crime and provide a lively, up-to-date overview of the newest research in biosocial criminology. New chapters introduce the theories of the latter part of the 20th century; apply and critically assess current biosocial and evolutionary theories, the developments in neuro-imaging, and recent progressions in fields such as epigenetics; and finally, provide a vision for the future of criminology and crime policy from a biosocial perspective. The book is a careful, critical examination of each research approach and conclusion. Both compiling and analyzing the body of scholarship devoted to understanding the criminal brain, this volume serves as a condensed, accessible, and contemporary exploration of biological theories of crime and their everyday relevance.
eBook
civilizing process in London’s Old Bailey
The jury trial is a critical point where the state and its citizens come together to define the limits of acceptable behavior. Here we present a large-scale quantitative analysis of trial transcripts from the Old Bailey that reveal a major transition in the nature of this defining moment. By coarse-graining the spoken word testimony into synonym sets and dividing the trials based on indictment, we demonstrate the emergence of semantically distinct violent and nonviolent trial genres. We show that although in the late 18th century the semantic content of trials for violent offenses is functionally indistinguishable from that for nonviolent ones, a long-term, secular trend drives the system toward increasingly clear distinctions between violent and nonviolent acts. We separate this process into the shifting patterns that drive it, determine the relative effects of bureaucratic change and broader cultural shifts, and identify the synonym sets most responsible for the eventual genre distinguishability. This work provides a new window onto the cultural and institutional changes that accompany the monopolization of violence by the state, described in qualitative historical analysis as the civilizing process.
Journal Article
Men at war, recovery and analysis of soldiers’ remains from the WWI and WWII Italian Front
•The discovery of human remains dating back to 20th century conflicts is a common phenomenon in Italy.•Forensic Anthropology, in combination with other disciplines can be employed to deal with these remains.•Italian scenario in terms of legislation, scientific procedures and ethical aspects are described.
Italy was hit hard by the World Wars, still today the discovery of human remains dating back to 20th century is a common phenomenon, in particular on Alpine glaciers, due to climate changes. The authors will describe the Italian scenario in terms of legislation, scientific procedures and related disciplines involved, then the difficulties in the identification of human remains of soldiers, but also potential issues related to uncontrolled “scavenging” activities and consequent ethical aspects. The interdisciplinarity, used as systematic approach to deal with complex cases, allowed the presumptive identification of a WWI soldier recovered after one century from the glaciers of the Adamello mountain, as described. Putting aside the national perspective, the authors endorse and encourage the establishment of an international working group in order to share common issues, to exchange experience and to build global best-practices.
Journal Article
Forensic Archaeology
This updated edition of a textbook universally hailed as an indispensable guide, is a complete introduction to the methods and means of forensic archaeology.
Incorporating new advances in the field, new case studies, and charting the growth and development of the subject, Forensic Archaeology examines the four main fields of recovery, search, skeletal analysis and analytical science, and how the concepts and methods of traditional archaeology can by utilized within criminal investigations.
The authors provide in-depth chapters that discuss:
search and location
the various constraints and issues posed by an increasingly complex legal environment
the archaeology of individual and mass graves
how the subject has evolved to include international investigations of human rights
links with forensic anthropology
forensic geophysical survey.
This is an invaluable resource that will provide students, researchers, academics and the general reader alike with a fascinating introduction to this complex and crucial subject.
1. Introduction 2. Search and Location 3. Forensic Geophysical Survey 4. The Recovery of Forensic Evidence from Individual Graves 5. The Archaeology of Mass Graves 6. Anthropology in a Forensic Context 7. Legal Matters 8. Social and Intellectual Frameworks
eBook
The informal and underground economy of the South Texas border
No detailed description available for \"The Informal and Underground Economy of the South Texas Border\".
eBook
Forensic archaeology : a global perspective
Forensic archaeology is mostly defined as the use of archaeological methods and principles within a legal context.However, such a definition only covers one aspect of forensic archaeology and misses the full potential this discipline has to offer.
eBook
Lethal Aggression in Mobile Forager Bands and Implications for the Origins of War
It has been argued that warfare evolved as a component of early human behavior within foraging band societies. We investigated lethal aggression in a sample of 21 mobile forager band societies (MFBS) derived systematically from the standard cross-cultural sample. We hypothesized, on the basis of mobile forager ethnography, that most lethal events would stem from personal disputes rather than coalitionary aggression against other groups (war). More than half of the lethal aggression events were perpetrated by lone individuals, and almost two-thirds resulted from accidents, interfamilial disputes, within-group executions, or interpersonal motives such as competition over a particular woman. Overall, the findings suggest that most incidents of lethal aggression among MFBS may be classified as homicides, a few others as feuds, and a minority as war.
Journal Article