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"Critical path analysis."
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Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change
Most policy-relevant work on climate change in the social sciences either analyzes costs and benefits of particular policy options against important but often narrow sets of objectives or attempts to explain past successes or failures. We argue that an \"applied forward reasoning\" approach is better suited for social scientists seeking to address climate change, which we characterize as a \"super wicked\" problem comprising four key features: time is running out; those who cause the problem also seek to provide a solution; the central authority needed to address it is weak or non-existent; and, partly as a result, policy responses discount the future irrationally. These four features combine to create a policy-making \"tragedy\" where traditional analytical techniques are ill equipped to identify solutions, even when it is well recognized that actions must take place soon to avoid catastrophic future impacts. To overcome this tragedy, greater attention must be given to the generation of path-dependent policy interventions that can \"constrain our future collective selves.\" Three diagnostic questions result that orient policy analysis toward understanding how to trigger sticky interventions that, through progressive incremental trajectories, entrench support over time while expanding the populations they cover. Drawing especially from the literature on path dependency, but inverting it to develop policy responses going forward, we illustrate the plausibility of our framework for identifying new areas of research and new ways to think about policy interventions to address super wicked problems.
Journal Article
Legislating a Woman's Seat on the Board: Institutional Factors Driving Gender Quotas for Boards of Directors
Ten countries have established quotas for female representation on publicly traded corporate and/or state-owned enterprise boards of directors, ranging from 33 to 50 %, with various sanctions. Fifteen other countries have introduced non-binding gender quotas in their corporate governance codes enforcing a \"comply or explain\" principle. Countless other countries' leaders and policy groups are in the process of debating, developing, and approving legislation around gender quotas in boards. Taken together, gender quota legislation significantly impacts the composition of boards of directors and thus the strategic direction of these publicly traded and state-owned enterprises. This article outlines an integrated model of three institutional factors that explain the establishment of board of directors gender quota legislation based on the premise that the country's institutional environment co-evolves with gender corporate policies. We argue that these three key institutional factors are female labor market and gendered welfare state provisions, left-leaning political government coalitions, and path-dependent policy initiatives for gender equality, both in the public realm as well as in the corporate domain. We discuss implications of our conceptual model and empirical findings for theory, practice, policy, and future research. These include the adoption and penalty design of board diversity practices into corporate practices, bottom-up approaches from firm to country-level gender board initiatives, hard versus soft regulation, the leading role of Norway and its isomorphic effects, the likelihood of engaging in decoupling, the role of business leaders, and the transnational and international reaction to board diversity initiatives.
Journal Article
Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography-Rethinking Regional Path Dependence: Beyond Lock-in to Evolution
This article argues that in its \"canonical\" form, the path dependence model, with its core concept of lock-in, affords a restrictive and narrowly applicable account of regional and local industrial evolution, an account moreover that is tied to problematic underpinnings based on equilibrist thinking. As such, the canonical path dependence model actually stresses continuity rather than change. The article explores recent developments in political science, in which there have been active attempts to rethink the application of path dependence to the evolution of institutions so as to emphasize change rather than continuity. These developments are used to argue for a rethinking of path dependence ideas in economic geography.
Journal Article
Project Scheduling and Management for Construction
First published in 1988 by RS Means, the new edition of Project Scheduling and Management for Construction has been substantially revised for students enrolled in construction management and civil engineering programs. While retaining its emphasis on developing practical, professional-level scheduling skills, the new edition is a relatable, real-world case study that can be used over the course of a semester. The book also includes classroom elements like exercises, quizzes, skill-building exercises, as well as an instructor's manual including two additional new cases.
eBook
Critical Pathways to Success in CNS Drug Development
Covering the latest advances in CNS drug development, this book will guide all those involved in pre-clinical to early clinical trials.The authors describe how recent innovations can accelerate the development of novel CNS compounds, improve early detection of efficacy and toxicity signals, and increase the safety of later-stage clinical trials.
eBook
Transferring, Translating, and Transforming: An Integrative Framework for Managing Knowledge Across Boundaries
The paper examines managing knowledge across boundaries in settings where innovation is desired. Innovation is a useful context because it allows us to explore the negative consequences of the path-dependent nature of knowledge. A framework is developed that describes three progressively complex boundariessyntactic, semantic, and pragmaticand three progressively complex processestransfer, translation, and transformation. The framework is used to specify the practical and political mismatches that occur when innovation is desired and how this relates to the common knowledge that actors use to share and assess each other's domain-specific knowledge. The development and use of a collaborative engineering tool in the early stages of a vehicle's development is presented to illustrate the conceptual and prescriptive value of the framework. The implication of this framework on key topics in the organization theory and strategy literatures is then discussed.
Journal Article
A two-stage approach for the critical chain project rescheduling
The fundamental principle of critical chain project management is to use the critical chain instead of a traditional critical path, to insert a project buffer at the end of the project and to insert feeding buffers wherever non-critical chains join the critical chain to protect a timely project completion. Due to the complexity of project, inserting feeding buffers may cause a conflict, such as precedence conflict or resource conflict, which can be solved by rescheduling. However, after rescheduling some new problems may arise: non-critical chain may start earlier than critical chain (non-critical chain overflow), or a gap may occur between activities on the critical chain (critical chain break-down). This paper is aiming to solve these new problems by a two-stage approach combined with feeding buffer for rescheduling. In the first stage, a first-stage rescheduling based on priority rules together with a backward-recursive procedure is proposed for rescheduling to solve resource and precedence conflicts, resulting in a critical chain break-down or a non-critical chain overflow. In the second stage, a second-stage rescheduling based on a heuristic algorithm is proposed to eliminate new problems and generate a better rescheduling scheme. Finally, we do simulations on the 110 Patterson instances set to verify the feasibility, effectiveness and applicability of our two-stage approach for rescheduling. Simulation results show that, it is an effective approach to generate reliable rescheduling schemes in most projects with excellent performances, i.e. the average project length, timely project completion probability and etc.
Journal Article