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"Curie, Marie (1867-1934)"
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Marie Curie advances the study of radioactivity
A biography of Marie Curie discusses her childhood and education and describes how her work advanced the study of radioactivity.
Book
Martin Danis
According to Pierre Buffet (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France), Danis was “one of the leaders of tropical medicine in France.” Laurent Rénia (A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Singapore) told The Lancet Infectious Diseases, “I met Professor Danis when I was doing an internship and my PhD in Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital between 1987 [and] 1991. Danis visited several countries, including Viet Nam, Mauritania, and Cameroon, where he was involved in health cooperation missions, research activities, and teaching on tropical diseases.
Journal Article
من هي ماري كوري ؟
يتناول هذه الكتاب ويحكي عن قصة العالمة العبقرية هي ماري كوري من أين هى وبم تفكر والمحطات التي كانت في حياتها وهي أول امرأة تحصل علي جائزة نوبل. وهي قصة حياة العظماء الذين كانوا روادا في السياسة والثقافة والإبداع الفني والاختراع أولئك الذين أضاؤوا للإنسانية دروب الحياة، ويعد هذا الكتاب للشباب والفتيان وغير المتخصصين الذين ينشدون المعرفة من القراء الآخرين البالغين.
Book
Feature Selection via Chaotic Antlion Optimization
Selecting a subset of relevant properties from a large set of features that describe a dataset is a challenging machine learning task. In biology, for instance, the advances in the available technologies enable the generation of a very large number of biomarkers that describe the data. Choosing the more informative markers along with performing a high-accuracy classification over the data can be a daunting task, particularly if the data are high dimensional. An often adopted approach is to formulate the feature selection problem as a biobjective optimization problem, with the aim of maximizing the performance of the data analysis model (the quality of the data training fitting) while minimizing the number of features used.
We propose an optimization approach for the feature selection problem that considers a \"chaotic\" version of the antlion optimizer method, a nature-inspired algorithm that mimics the hunting mechanism of antlions in nature. The balance between exploration of the search space and exploitation of the best solutions is a challenge in multi-objective optimization. The exploration/exploitation rate is controlled by the parameter I that limits the random walk range of the ants/prey. This variable is increased iteratively in a quasi-linear manner to decrease the exploration rate as the optimization progresses. The quasi-linear decrease in the variable I may lead to immature convergence in some cases and trapping in local minima in other cases. The chaotic system proposed here attempts to improve the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. The methodology is evaluated using different chaotic maps on a number of feature selection datasets. To ensure generality, we used ten biological datasets, but we also used other types of data from various sources. The results are compared with the particle swarm optimizer and with genetic algorithm variants for feature selection using a set of quality metrics.
Journal Article
ماري كوري وعلم الأشعة
يجمع هذا الكتاب بين المعلومات الفنية المتخصصة وبين القصص الشخصية الجذابة لتصوير العلماء الذين كان لأعمالهم العلمية الأثر البالغ في صياغة فهمنا للعالم حيث اكتشفت ميري كوري الراديوم (عنصر مشع) ثم تقدمت لتقود دنيا العلوم نحو دراسة النظرية المتعلقة بالنشاط الإشعاعي لقد تركت إرثا واسعا لمستقبل العلماء عبر بحوثها وتدريسها ومساهماتها في رفاهية البشر وكانت أول إنسان يفوز بجائزة نوبل مرتين.
Book
P-112 Conducting a phase III clinical trial in a hospice environment
BackgroundClinical trials are considered the gold-standard for the evaluation of interventions in healthcare (Thomas, Aitken, Antonelli et al. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1139):564–569; Sibbald, Roland. BMJ. 1998;316:201). However, there is a lack of literature on clinical trials within hospice environments, despite evidence that describes multiple benefits reported by trial participants with advanced disease (Middlemiss, Lloyd-Williams, Laird, et al. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015; 50(5):642–649.e1). Here, we report our experience, including barriers and facilitators, of conducting a clinical trial in two hospices with different research infrastructures.AimsTo describe the setup and local implementation of a multi-centre phase III clinical trial within two Marie Curie hospices. MethodsNov 2022 – Jan 2023: Detailed protocol review, including resource requirements and identifying key roles within the clinical and research teams. Central Marie Curie research governance approval and local approval at each site. Communication with key members of the clinical team to define roles and responsibilities. Jan 2023 – Present: Finalising site-specific trial documentation. Site Initiation Visits (SIVs) by the sponsor to meet local clinical and research staff. Preparation of education/training sessions for the local clinical teams. Recruitment of trial specific research staff to coordinate the trial, oversee recruitment and data management. ResultsPreliminary data highlight barriers and facilitators in the following themes: 1) the safety of participants and staff; 2) staff training; 3) communication between research and clinical teams; 4) trial management and 5) solutions required to deal with differences in research resources, including staffing constraints, at both sites. Key timelines: March 2023 – First site opened to recruitment with three patients recruited in first month; June 2023 – Second site due to open. ConclusionHere, using a coordinated team approach with careful and considered planning, it has been possible to conduct a clinical trial within two different hospices. Good communication from an early stage between research and clinical teams was essential to ensure that all staff were on board and committed to the successful launch of the trial.
Journal Article
السيد والسيدة كوري
في عام 1898 قام العالم الفرنسي بيير كوري وزوجته العالمة ماري سكودوفسكا (بولونية الأصل والتي اشتهرت فيما بعد باسم مدام كوري بدراسة خاصيات اليورانيوم وخاماته. وقد تبين لهما أن جميع خامات اليورانيوم تظهر .RADIOACTIVITÉ نشاطا إشعاعيا واكتشفا في العام ذاته عنصرين مشعين جديدين يوجدان في خامات اليورانيوم، العنصر الأول أطلقا عليه اسم الراديوم، والعنصر الثاني أطلقا عليه اسم مسقط رأس ماري كوري وهو بولونيوم أو (البلوتونيوم).
Book
Cécile Vogt
[...]she was privately tutored and, at the age of 18, entered medical school in Paris, where at the time only 6% of medical doctorates were awarded to women. With a team of female technicians, Cécile began the painstaking process of tracing fibre connections in the brain, archiving thousands of brain slices that would form the basis of the largest collection of human and animal brain slices in the world (now housed in the Cécile and Oskar Institute of Brain Research in Dusseldorf, Germany). In 1907, the Vogts co-authored a landmark paper identifying the motor and sensory cortices as two functionally distinct areas of the cerebral cortex using a combination of physiological and anatomical methods.
Journal Article