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In this paper, a novel current-mode shadow filter employing current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) with controlled current gains is presented. The CCCII-based current-mode shadow filters are resistorless and can offer a number of advantages such as circuit simplicity and electronic tuning capability. The proposed shadow filters offer five filtering functions, i.e., low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass functions, in the same topology. Furthermore, no component matching condition is required to realize all the transfer functions. The natural frequency and quality factor adjustment is possible by using the CCCII current gains without the need to use external amplifiers, all capacitors are grounded, and the filter terminals offer low-input and high-output impedance. To verify the functionality and feasibility of the new topologies, the proposed circuits were simulated using SPICE and the transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) from AT&T’s bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R. The simulation results are consistent with the theory. The CCCII experimental setup was designed using commercially available 2N3904 (NPN) and 2N3906 (PNP) transistors with a supply voltage of ±2.5 V. The measurement results confirm the performance of the designed filters.

This research article contributes a Chua’s diode implementation using a modern active block Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (CCCCTA) with an active MOS transistor for electronically tunable feature. CCCCTA and MOS resistor are responsible for the variation in Chua’s diode characteristics and their performance is well studied with the help of dynamical aspects like dissipativity, invariance, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, and basin of attraction. The proposed model has a hidden attractor with one unstable node equilibrium and two symmetric stable node equilibrium points. In addition to numerical simulation in MATLAB, the electronic circuit for the proposed Chua’s circuit is successfully verified in PSPICE and hardware implementation using commercially available ICs (AD844, CA3080). Chua’s traditional chaotic response (double scroll, Rossler, and large limit cycle) can be easily observed by: (i) adjusting the coupling resistor between two capacitor present in a Chua’s circuit, (ii) tuning the bias current of CCCCTA present in the proposed Chua’s diode, and (iii) by tuning the controlling voltage of MOS resistor (R MOS ). The feasibility of the proposed work applies to Chaotic Amplitude Shift Keying (CASK) transmission. Finally, a comparative study is studied with the existing works of literature.

In this paper, a modified differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (MDVCCTA) based meminductor emulator has been proposed. The proposed meminductor is realized using one MDVCCTA, one resistor, and two grounded capacitors that leads to a very simple configuration. The emulator is working for a significant range of frequencies up to 80 MHz. The transient and non-volatility tests are found to be satisfactory. The corner and Monte Carlo analyses are done to verify the robustness of the proposed design. In addition, to assess the endurance of the recommended meminductor emulator, its workability with variations in supply voltage, temperature, and component values has been investigated. The pinched hysteresis loops that are fingerprints for the meminductor emulator are not deformed for any such variations. A comparison of suggested meminductor with those available in literature has been done based on several performance parameters. Two applications that demonstrate the viability of the suggested meminductor emulator have also been comprehended.

This paper offers a new current-mode first-order versatile filter employing two translinear current conveyors with controlled current gain and one grounded capacitor. The proposed filter offers the following features: realization of first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass current responses from single topology, availability of non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for all current responses, electronic control of current gain for all current responses, no requirement of component-matching conditions for realizing all current responses, low-input impedance and high-output impedance which are required for current-mode circuits, and electronic control of the pole frequency for all current responses. The proposed first-order versatile filter is used to realize a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator to confirm the advantage of the new topology. To confirm the functionality and workability of new circuits, the proposed circuit and its application are simulated by the SPICE program using transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) of bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R from AT&T.

This paper presents a unique full-wave rectifier designed with the help of second generation current conveyor (CCII) which is a promising building block to design the analog circuits. The proposed circuit is designed & simulated on OrCAD/PSpice using key ICAD844 as CCII, manufactured by Analog Devices corporation. The simulated results are extracted using EDA tool for the input of different frequencies till 1 MHz. The excellent output waveforms verify the proposed circuit with the characteristics of full-wave rectifier. The hardware prototype is implemented & tested on printed circuit board using laboratory setup to validate the proposed concept. The resultant output signal is undistorted, fully rectified and maintained with sinusoidal shape for the input signal having frequency of 1.022 MHz. The metal oxide semiconductor structure with the small signal analysis of proposed circuit is also discussed.

In this paper, a MOSFET-only voltage divider based second-generation current conveyor (MOCCII +) is proposed. The input stage of the proposed MOCCII + is based on the translinear loop and the output stage is biased by the reference voltage that is derived from the power supply with the help of a MOSFET-only voltage divider. The voltage divider biasing circuit is used to increase the current linearity range. The proposed MOCCII + has high voltage transfer bandwidth, wide input current linearity range, and high current gain. The applications of proposed MOCCII + such as current integrator and current differentiator are also presented to show the worthiness of the proposed MOCCII + . The proposed circuits have been simulated using UMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology with the supply voltages of ± 0.9 V.

Meminductors are memory-based elements, which are gaining a lot of popularity as a result of their applications in widespread areas. However, due to the non-availability of their off-the-shelf ICs, designers are trying to find alternatives of meminductor emulators. This paper presents a generalized approach to designing a meminductor emulator from an active inductor circuit. An active inductor circuit having a current conveyor (CC), operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), and a grounded capacitor has been utilized. The idea is encouraged by the thought of putting memory in conventional active inductor circuits. In the proposed configuration, one additional block namely a current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) and an extra grounded capacitor have been used to modify the active inductor circuit into a meminductor emulator circuit. The goal is to implement a meminductor emulator employing active blocks which can be designed using commercially available ICs. Simulation results of the proposed emulator are obtained using the LTspice tool along with 0.18 µm CMOS technology parameters. The essential testimonials, pinched hysteresis loops, and non-volatility tests, confirm that the suggested circuit works as a meminductor emulator. Furthermore, the pinched hysteresis loops are observed for a large range of frequencies, verifying the wide dynamic frequency range of the suggested circuit. To assess how well the suggested meminductor emulator performs, a chaotic oscillator has been developed.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer, and its behavior can be analyzed using bio-impedance. A single dispersion Cole model is designed using active block Extra X Current Conveyor (EX-CCII), which generates the existing practical oral OSCC bio-impedance data. An experimental result of cancer bio-impedance in the 20 Hz to 5 MHz range is well modeled with an active block EX-CCII resistors (R ∞ and R 1 ) and fractional capacitor (C α ). The proposed design can serve as a step forward for designing a purposeful method for analyzing the behavior of oral cancer impedance without any practical data. The functionality of the proposed electrical circuit for OSCC is well verified through PSPICE simulation using both 0.25 μm CMOS TSMC Technology parameters and the macro model of EX-CCII. Simulation results agree well with experimental bio-impedance data.

This research article discusses an analog realization of Memcapacitor using Differential Voltage Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (DVCCTA). The proposed Memcapacitor configuration with grounded passive elements is very attractive due to the possibility of making it fully monolithic. In general the commercially unavailable Memcapacitor is difficult to fabricate due to its unique property to exhibit pinched hysteresis loop. Hence, an attempt is made for the design of Memcapacitor emulator using DVCCTA. Finally, PSPICE simulation results for the Memcapacitor based on CMOS implementation are well illustrated in this report by using 0.18µm TSMC CMOS parameter.

This paper presents electronically tunable current conveyors using low-voltage, low-power, multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). The MI-OTA is realized using the multiple-input bulk-driven Metal Oxide Semiconductor transistor (MIBD-MOST) technique to achieve minimum power consumption. The MI-OTA also features high linearity, a wide input range, and a simple Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). Thus, high-performance electronically tunable current conveyors are obtained. With the MI-OTA-based current conveyor, both an electronically tunable differential difference current conveyor (EDDCC) and a second-generation electronically tunable current conveyor (ECCII) are available. Unlike the conventional differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) and second-generation current conveyor (CCII), the current gains of the EDDCC and ECCII can be controlled by adjusting the transconductance ratio of the current conveyors. The proposed EDDCC has been used to realize a voltage-to-current converter and current-mode universal filter to show the advantages of the current gain of the EDDCC. The proposed current conveyors and their applications are designed and simulated in the Cadence environment using 0.18 μm TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) CMOS technology. The proposed circuit uses ±0.5 V of power supply and consumes 90 μW of power. The simulation results are presented and confirm the functionality of the proposed circuit and the filter application. Furthermore, the experimental measurement of the EDDCC implemented in the form of a breadboard connection using a commercially available LM13700 device is presented.