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Modern methods of machining of bed slideways with the required parameters of accuracy and quality of the processed surfaces are considered in order to increase productivity in the treatment of the surface of machine stands. To improve productivity, the finishing sanding operation has been replaced with finishing milling to ensure the required roughness, flatness and parallelism. The method of replacement of technological operations as exemplified by processing of a bed made of gray cast iron of grade “СЧ-20” is studied. The priority method of increasing the productivity of the processing of machine slideways of metal-cutting equipment, based on the use of cutting ceramics during the processing of the bed as a final technological operation, is determined. Based on the microstructural characteristics of oxide-carbide cutting ceramics, a uniform method of equipping cutters with cutting inserts with equal lifespan is used to increase productivity and achieve the required surface finish. This method of the milling cutter layout allows for longer life and provides the required margin of tool accuracy as well as allows predicting premature wear of the cutting tool. The results of the work are the identification of the patterns of influence of structural parameters of cutting ceramics on the quality of machine slideways of metal-cutting equipment in the selective formation of instrumentation. Studies have shown that the quality of machining depends on the microstructure characteristics of each insert used in the machining process when using interchangeable multi-sided oxide carbide ceramic inserts. The increase in productivity and quality of machining is achieved by monitoring the microstructure of the cutting oxide-carbide ceramics.

Solution to the problem of improvement in the efficiency of material cutting equipment is an important task in the development of modern mechanical engineering and related areas of science and technology. Various material cutting methods are available at present: mechanical, hydromechanical (hydroabrasive), electrical discharge, plasma, laser, and others. Further improvement in the efficiency of the operation of material cutting equipment is related to the development of rapid methods and tools for monitoring the efficiency of cutting processes. The existing strain gauge means for monitoring the cutting power of materials are limited by the output signal frequency of up to 100 kHz. High-speed control of the efficiency of cutting processes can be carried out on the basis of the developed dynamic method and traditional controls of high-performance material processing equipment with an output signal frequency of up to 1 MHz.

The paper considers the organizational activities allowing to improve the return from the equipment at the expense of reducing timely revealed losses. The analysis of the significance of the effect of the proposed measures on the growth of OEE is carried out. The statistics of losses during the operation of the fleet of metal-cutting high-performance equipment used in the production of vehicles for 10 years is given, an analysis is performed. A method for calculating the motivation fund for bonus payments to interested personnel is proposed.

The booster pellet is the key component of a certain-shaped charge-cutting device. The booster pellet at the initiation point is excited by the electric detonator, and the booster pellet at the booster point is excited by the cutting cord. The initiation reliability of the booster pellet determines the reliability of the shaped charge-cutting device, so it is necessary to study the shock sensitivity of the booster pellet. In this paper, the critical initiation pressure of the JO-11C booster explosive is investigated by using numerical simulation. The results show that the critical gap thickness range for JO-11C booster explosive is 50-50.5 mm, and the critical initiation pressure range is 2.05-2.11 GPa.

Dielectric-based energy storage capacitors characterized with fast charging and discharging speed and reliability 1 , 2 , 3 – 4 play a vital role in cutting-edge electrical and electronic equipment. In pursuit of capacitor miniaturization and integration, dielectrics must offer high energy density and efficiency 5 . Antiferroelectrics with antiparallel dipole configurations have been of significant interest for high-performance energy storage due to their negligible remanent polarization and high maximum polarization in the field-induced ferroelectric state 6 , 7 – 8 . However, the low antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase-transition field and accompanying large hysteresis loss deteriorate energy density and reliability. Here, guided by phase-field simulations, we propose a new strategy to frustrate antipolar ordering in antiferroelectrics by incorporating non-polar or polar components. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach effectively tunes the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase-transition fields and simultaneously reduces hysteresis loss. In PbZrO 3 -based films, we hence realized a record high energy density among all antiferroelectrics of 189 J cm −3 along with a high efficiency of 81% at an electric field of 5.51 MV cm −1 , which rivals the most state-of-the-art energy storage dielectrics 9 , 10 , 11 – 12 . Atomic-scale characterization by scanning transmission electron microscopy directly revealed that the dispersed non-polar regions frustrate the long-range antipolar ordering, which contributes to the improved performance. This strategy presents new opportunities to manipulate polarization profiles and enhance energy storage performances in antiferroelectrics. This study reports that incorporating non-polar nanodomains into antiferroelectrics greatly enhanced the energy density and efficiency.

In the field of industrial manufacturing, metal elbows have garnered significant attention due to their extensive applications. With the advancement of technology, traditional cutting methods struggle to meet the precision and efficiency demands of modern industry. Laser-cutting technology, known for its high precision and efficiency, has become the mainstream method for processing metal elbows. This paper introduces the working principle and system components of laser cutting, with a focus on the design of a processing system based on a horizontal laser cutting machine. The CNC system adopts multi-axis synergistic control and realizes precise positioning of the workpiece and laser cutting through servo motors, which can meet the demand for high-efficiency cutting of metal elbow.

In order to solve the problem of abnormal wear of the lower copper row chain of TOBSPIN tobacco cutter, the working principle of the compaction unit of the wire-cutting machine was analyzed. Comprehensive improvements were made to the lower copper row chain system, which effectively reduced the wear on both sides of the copper row chain and prolonged the usage time of the copper row chain. Tested with TOBSPIN shredder used by Ningbo Cigarette Factory, the results showed that the wear speed of the improved copper exhaust chain was reduced from 2.62 mm / 800 h to 0.85 mm / 800 h, down by 67.6%. This method can support improving the service life of TOBSPIN tobacco cutters.

Realizing the full potential of organoids and assembloids to model neural development and disease will require improved methods for long-term, minimally invasive recording of electrical activity. Current technologies, such as patch clamp, penetrating microelectrodes, planar electrode arrays and substrate-attached flexible electrodes, do not allow chronic recording of organoids in suspension, which is necessary to preserve architecture. Inspired by kirigami art, we developed flexible electronics that transition from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional basket-like configuration with either spiral or honeycomb patterns to accommodate the long-term culture of organoids in suspension. Here we show that this platform, named kirigami electronics (KiriE), integrates with and enables chronic recording of cortical organoids for up to 120 days while preserving their morphology, cytoarchitecture and cell composition. We demonstrate integration of KiriE with optogenetic and pharmacological manipulation and modeling phenotypes related to a genetic disease. Moreover, KiriE can capture corticostriatal connectivity in assembloids following optogenetic stimulation. Thus, KiriE will enable investigation of disease and activity patterns underlying nervous system assembly. Electrical activity in neural organoids is captured with a device inspired by a paper-cutting art.

The conventional electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump is limited to pumping functional and dielectric liquids, which restricts its applications in fields like microfluidics, food safety, and materials production. In this study, we present a flexible water pump driven by EHD fluid, achieved by integrating valveless elements into the fluidic channel. Our approach leverages the water–EHD interface to propel the immiscible aqueous liquid and reciprocate this process using the nozzle–diffuser system. All components of the water pump are digitally fabricated and assembled. The valveless parts are created using a laser cutting machine. Additionally, we develop a model for the EHD pump and nozzle–diffuser system to predict the generated flow rate, considering factors such as the asymmetrical performance of the EHD pump, pulse frequency, applied voltage, and structural parameters. Finally, we experimentally characterize the flow rates of both the EHD pump and water pump and apply the newly developed device to air bubble manipulation and droplet generation. This research broadens the range of specialized liquids pumped by EHD pumps to include other aqueous liquids or mixtures.

The existence of confining pressure is an important factor that can’t be ignored in rock cutting process. Rocks show high strength and strong plasticity under confining pressure condition (CPC), leading to the low rock-breaking efficiency of drilling bit, which is more prominent in deep formation drilling. However, the understanding of rock-breaking mechanism of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutter under CPC is still unclear. Given that fact, in this paper, a series of rock cutting experiments on sandstone and granite under different confining pressures and atmospheric pressure conditions were carried out using a self-made true triaxial rock cutting device. The cutting force, mechanical specific energy (MSE) and cuttings mass fraction under confining pressure and atmospheric pressure conditions were studied, and the cutting grooves were analyzed. The results show that the existence of confining pressure greatly increases the difficulty of rock cutting, which is embodied by the increase of cutting force and MSE. In addition, the size of cuttings produced under CPC is smaller, and the proportion of powdery cuttings increases with increasing confining pressure. Meanwhile, the cutting grooves obtained under CPCs are smoother. Microscopically, the existence of confining pressure greatly enhances the contact stress between PDC cutter and rock, resulting in a larger area of dense core when PDC cutter contacts with rock. Confining pressure leads to the difficulty of cuttings discharge to a certain extent, which easily results in the secondary and repeated destruction of cuttings and increases the energy dissipation. In general, confining pressure leads to the lower damage degree of PDC cutter to the rock, which makes the rock difficult to be drilled. The research results can provide some special guidance for rock breaking in deep formation, and provide practical thoughts and enlightenment for rock breaking, bits arrangement and optimization under CPC.HighlightsThe cutting experiments under confining pressure condition are carried out by using the self-made rock cutting device that exerts three-dimensional stress on rock, which truly simulates the rock breaking process at the bottom of the well.The rock-breaking performances under atmospheric pressure condition and confining pressure conditions are comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of cuttings mass fraction, cuttings size, cutting groove and coarseness index.The rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutter under confining pressure condition is investigated and the rock-breaking behavior of PDC cutter under confining pressure condition is studied.Three kinds of changing trends of mechanical specific energy with confining pressure are put forward, and the concept of confining pressure threshold is also proposed.