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"Cybernetics Technology."
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Consideration of Digital Divide in Societies of Globalised Control (Extension of Social Contract)
If social cybernetics is clarified as an ‘emergent property’ for the multifaceted established of interior associations in the midst of technology, policy and management foundations of wide-ranging resolution computing, we should ask are[MOK1] there any implementation of its definition in the sociology of technology? Therefore, this[MOK2] paper introduces multidimensional perspectives of techno-social interactions to diagram a theoretical concept of digital divide (DD) and elucidate its limitation stages within the relative literature. What the current reality is that we cannot escape from a global prison even if we do know we are in one, in this sense, this paper is interested in arguing how the definition of DD leads technocratic reasoning in which societies of globalised control cannot be separated from speculation, accumulation and circulation of technological commodities that actually lead an unspecific but an extension of social contract in any developed or developing nations throughout technological education.[A3] Political philosophy is then inseparable from ethnics of social cybernetics because the relative issue is rather assemblage of abstract technological control. Keywords: Cybernetics; Digital Divide; Sociology of Technology; Sociology of Education, Social Contract; Communication Sosyal sibernetik, geniş kapsamlı çözümleme işlemlerinin teknoloji, politika ve yönetim temellerinin çok yönlü iç dernekleri için “acil bir mülkiyet” olarak nitelendiriliyorsa, teknolojinin sosyolojisindeki tanımının herhangi bir uygulaması var mıdır? Bu yazıda, teorik bir dijital bölünme (DD) kavramının çizilmesi ve ilgili literatürdeki sınırlama aşamalarının aydınlatılması için tekno-sosyal etkileşimlerin çok boyutlu perspektifleri tanıtılmaktadır. Bu makalede, DD'nin tanımının, küreselleşmiş kontrol toplumlarının, gelişmemiş veya gelişmekte olan herhangi bir ülkede gerçekte belirsiz olmayan ancak sosyal sözleşmenin genişletilmesine yol açan teknolojik metaların spekülasyonu, birikimi ve dolaşımından ayrılamadığı teknokratik akıl yürütmeye nasıl yol açtığını tartışmakla ilgilenmektedir.
Journal Article
Forensic Science-Conclusions and Perspectives
Forensic science is in a unique position among all other scientific fields because of its important social impact. Indeed, forensic science is at the interface of natural sciences and law implications in civil and criminal cases. Numerous analytical methods borrowed from chemistry and physics, such as various spectroscopic techniques and electrochemistry, have received tremendous applications in subareas of forensic science. Portable Raman and infrared (IR) spectrometers, electrochemical sensors and biosensors, and single‐use paper‐strip bioanalytical assays continue to become more affordable and accessible to crime investigations. Biomolecular analytical methods, including DNA analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, biomolecular computing, and
in vivo imaging, have high importance in forensic science, but their use is not exactly the same as in medicine, thus requiring special adaptation to the needs of forensic science. Analysis of various biomarkers found in biofluids at a crime scene, particularly based on immunoassay and multienzyme biocatalytic reactions, is progressing toward practical applications.
Book Chapter
Future Tense fiction : stories of tomorrow
\"A collection of electrifying original stories from a veritable who's-who of authors working in speculative literature and science fiction today.\"
Book
Brain–Computer Interfaces: Ethical and Policy Considerations
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
Neuroethics
Brain–Computer Interfaces
Noninvasive Interfaces
Partially Invasive Interfaces
Invasive Interfaces
Development of Brain–Computer Interfaces
Therapy/Enhancement
Ethical Issues
Brain Chips and Cloning
Regulatory Procedures
Principles and Standards for Adoption
References
Book Chapter
New Global Technologies of Power: Cybernetic Capitalism and Social Inequality
This chapter contains sections titled:
Techno‐cultures within Nature
Cybernetic Technologies and Ultramodern Capital
Global Inequality in the Information Age
Power Secured, Access Denied
Technological Disconnections, Haunted Modernity
Network Feedback, Amplified Inequality
Power‐reflexive Attunement: Countering Technological Domination
Book Chapter
The cybernetics moment, or, Why we call our age the information age
How did cybernetics and information theory arise, and how did they come to dominate fields as diverse as engineering, biology, and the social sciences?
Winner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of the Choice ACRL
Outstanding Academic Title, Choice
Cybernetics—the science of communication and control as it applies to machines and to humans—originates from efforts during World War II to build automatic antiaircraft systems. Following the war, this science extended beyond military needs to examine all systems that rely on information and feedback, from the level of the cell to that of society. In The Cybernetics Moment, Ronald R. Kline, a senior historian of technology, examines the intellectual and cultural history of cybernetics and information theory, whose language of \"information, \" \"feedback, \" and \"control\" transformed the idiom of the sciences, hastened the development of information technologies, and laid the conceptual foundation for what we now call the Information Age.
Kline argues that, for about twenty years after 1950, the growth of cybernetics and information theory and ever-more-powerful computers produced a utopian information narrative—an enthusiasm for information science that influenced natural scientists, social scientists, engineers, humanists, policymakers, public intellectuals, and journalists, all of whom struggled to come to grips with new relationships between humans and intelligent machines.
Kline traces the relationship between the invention of computers and communication systems and the rise, decline, and transformation of cybernetics by analyzing the lives and work of such notables as Norbert Wiener, Claude Shannon, Warren McCulloch, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Herbert Simon. Ultimately, he reveals the crucial role played by the cybernetics moment—when cybernetics and information theory were seen as universal sciences—in setting the stage for our current preoccupation with information technologies.
eBook
A review on animal–robot interaction: from bio-hybrid organisms to mixed societies
Living organisms are far superior to state-of-the-art robots as they have evolved a wide number of capabilities that far encompass our most advanced technologies. The merging of biological and artificial world, both physically and cognitively, represents a new trend in robotics that provides promising prospects to revolutionize the paradigms of conventional bio-inspired design as well as biological research. In this review, a comprehensive definition of animal–robot interactive technologies is given. They can be at animal level, by augmenting physical or mental capabilities through an integrated technology, or at group level, in which real animals interact with robotic conspecifics. Furthermore, an overview of the current state of the art and the recent trends in this novel context is provided. Bio-hybrid organisms represent a promising research area allowing us to understand how a biological apparatus (e.g. muscular and/or neural) works, thanks to the interaction with the integrated technologies. Furthermore, by using artificial agents, it is possible to shed light on social behaviours characterizing mixed societies. The robots can be used to manipulate groups of living organisms to understand self-organization and the evolution of cooperative behaviour and communication.
Journal Article
An agenda for ontological cybernetics and social responsibility
Purpose
This paper aims to offer an integration of Vladimir Lepskiy’s third-order cybernetics and Raul Espejo’s Viplan methodology. Key ideas are mechanisms for social responsibility and a methodology to improve them through self-developing reflexive-active environments.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a methodology based on modern philosophy of science, which sets the foundation of ontological cybernetics, constructed by subjects with different epistemological stances. This methodology includes considerations for social values, worldview principles, multiple viewpoints and subject-oriented information and communication platforms.
Findings
Current negative trends in socio-economic and environmental developments are associated with weaker social responsibilities of those holding power in society. To increase their social responsibility, the authors argue it is necessary for them to have more effective governance and development mechanisms. The proposed methodology ensures more effective interactions of stakeholders toward creating, regulating and implementing societal problem-solving.
Research limitations/implications
This paper offers an initial theoretical conceptualization and illustration of social responsibility, which would benefit from further conceptual developments and practical applications.
Social implications
The methodology helps increasing the level of social responsibility of all participants in control and development processes in social systems. The proposed approach allows ensuring the inclusion of stakeholders in societal problem solving through participatory methods and democratic approaches.
Originality/value
The conceptual and methodological ideas of this paper are based on the authors’ original research. The methodology and model of ontological cybernetics proposed in this paper are based on organizational cybernetics and modern views of philosophy of science. The methodology and model include basic ontological values and principles.
Journal Article