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\"You live in the cyber meta-reality. You and your family probably spend more time in this reality than any other. This book will help anyone who lives in the cyber meta-reality to understand where they live, how this world is evolving, and how we will likely evolve along with it\"-- Provided by publisher.

Social order is regulated from above by the law but its foundation is built on norms and customs, informal social practices that enable people to make meaningful and productive uses of their time and resources. Despite the importance of these practices in keeping the social fabric together, very little of the jurisprudential literature has focused on a discussion of these norms and customs. In Social Norms in a Wired World Steven Hetcher argues that the traditional conception of norms as rule-like linguistic entities is erroneous. Instead, norms must be understood as patterns of rationally governed behaviour maintained in groups by acts of conformity. Using informal game theory in the analysis of norms and customs, Hetcher applies his theory of norms to tort law and Internet privacy laws. This book will appeal to students and professionals in law, philosophy, and political and social theory.

To err is human; to err in digital culture is design. In the glitches, inefficiencies, and errors that ergonomics and usability engineering strive to surmount, Peter Krapp identifies creative reservoirs of computer-mediated interaction. Throughout new media cultures, he traces a resistance to the heritage of motion studies, ergonomics, and efficiency, showing how creativity is stirred within the networks of digital culture.

PurposeThis paper aims to establish a theoretic framework to provide a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects, their existence and their identification scheme while providing a connection between cyber-enabled spaces and cyberspace. It develops an avenue to quantify general philosophical and theoretical questions, precisely, inherently spatial basis that produces an unprecedented space–time continuum, in which cyber-enabled relations evolve.Design/methodology/approachMultidisciplinary theoretical approaches are needed to describe complex systems, which in this paper are integrated in a quest for the principles underlying the structural organization and dynamics of cyberspace. A theoretic framework is presented, and the spatial conception of cyber-enabled physical, social, information and thinking spaces and entities existence are provided.FindingsWith spatial objects and spatial properties, cyberspace is inherently spatial. Its basic constructs are founded on its spatial qualities and producing radical space–time compression, cyber-enabled spaces in which dynamic relations develop and thrive. The cyberspatial object operations are primarily built on foundations that depend on physical space and other spatial metaphors. Information space, basically missing in the literature, is an important part of cyberspace.Research limitations/implicationsThis work suggested a novel analytical approach to describing cyberspace from broader perspectives and fields. Due to the novelty and divergence of cyber concepts, an interdisciplinary study and methodology are needed. Thus, more research toward theoretical direction could help many of the practical implementations of concepts.Practical implicationsThe research is of particular significance in cyberspatial mechanics to describe the dynamics and behavior of cyber physical systems. For example, object-based analysis functions like spatial query, node pattern analysis, cluster analysis, spatial similarity analysis and location modeling.Originality/valueComplementing the existing literature and defining information space to the research sphere, a theoretical framework providing a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects and the general cyberspace foundation has been proposed, resulting in a formalized concept of existence, interactions and applications and services, with respect to philosophy, science and technology, respectively.

Current approaches to cyber-security are not working. Rather than producing more security, we seem to be facing less and less. The reason for this is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted security dilemma that extends beyond the state and its interaction with other states. It will be shown how the focus on the state and “its” security crowds out consideration for the security of the individual citizen, with detrimental effects on the security of the whole system. The threat arising from cyberspace to (national) security is presented as possible disruption to a specific way of life, one building on information technologies and critical functions of infrastructures, with relatively little consideration for humans directly. This non-focus on people makes it easier for state actors to militarize cyber-security and (re-)assert their power in cyberspace, thereby overriding the different security needs of human beings in that space. Paradoxically, the use of cyberspace as a tool for national security, both in the dimension of war fighting and the dimension of mass-surveillance, has detrimental effects on the level of cyber-security globally. A solution out of this dilemma is a cyber-security policy that is decidedly anti-vulnerability and at the same time based on strong considerations for privacy and data protection. Such a security would have to be informed by an ethics of the infosphere that is based on the dignity of information related to human beings.

In traditional societies the idea that invisible things are more important than things that can be seen needed no demonstration. In our world, in which objects pro­liferate to the point where they begin to be rated ahead of humans, making such a claim automatically places us in an eccentric orbit relative to the current trend. Reflections in recent years around the imaginary and technologies tend to prove the old principle is right. Even in a world choked with objects, primacy belongs to the invisible. But it is no less true that we have succeeded, as a civilization, in creating a new, technologically mediated collective imaginary. This study is an attempt to situate it in relation to earlier experiences of Mundus imaginalis. The internet is our new heaven-hell. The user of this technologically mediated cosmology is therefore heavenly-hellish, his sense of discernment being no longer useful in a universe without center and hierarchies, whose powerful-powerless god is himself, between count­less gods. Once the creator of this fantasy world, he’s now the creation of his own independent cosmology. What was once a space of escape, is now home. As in a Balzacian novel, the technological man resembles the space he inhabits.

Our world is undergoing an enormous digital transformation. Nearly no area of our social, informational, political, economic, cultural, and biological spheres are left unchanged. What can philosophy contribute as we try to understand and think through these changes? How does digitization challenge past ideas of who we are and where we are headed? Where does it leave our ethical aspirations and cherished ideals of democracy, equality, privacy, trust, freedom, and social embeddedness? Who gets to decide, control, and harness the powers of digitization and for which purposes? Epistemologically, do most of us understand these new mediations – and thus fabrics – of our new world? Lastly – how is the new technological landscape shaping not only our living conditions but also our collective imaginary and our self-identities?

This paper explores how Buddhist teachings, grounded in the metaphysics of interdependence and emptiness, can deepen our understanding of cyberspace as a distinct moral domain. Drawing on Buddhist perspectives on reality, personal identity, and karma, it revisits the enduring idea that, in both principle and ethical effect, cyberspace is neither fundamentally separate from nor different than the embodied world. While cyberspace functions similarly to the physical realm, it demands special attention due to its transcendence of spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as its capacity to reshape traditional contexts of identity and interaction. Unlike the limited personal identity conditioned by biological and social factors in the lived existence, the cyberself assumes a multidimensional, omnipresent existence with significant power to construct its own ontological conditions and virtual environments. This gives rise to novel moral challenges related to the creation and interaction of diverse and unconventional identities and consciousnesses, compounded by the internet's hyper-connectivity and amplified ethical impact. The study argues that Buddhist teachings on self/no-self and an expanded notion of karma offer a valuable framework for reflecting on the broadened possibilities for moral action within cyberspace.

In this article, I analyse deterrence theory and argue that its applicability to cyberspace is limited and that these limits are not trivial. They are the consequence of fundamental differences between deterrence theory and the nature of cyber conflicts and cyberspace. The goals of this analysis are to identify the limits of deterrence theory in cyberspace, clear the ground of inadequate approaches to cyber deterrence, and define the conceptual space for a domain-specific theory of cyber deterrence, still to be developed.