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Provincializing the history of the Ottoman Empire, this book provides a critical approach to the projects of 'modernity' that took place in the Eastern Mediterranean over the past two centuries. Leaving their mark on this period are; the turmoil of insurgency in Greece and Egypt, a growing intervention of European Powers in Eastern Mediterranean politics, and the unfolding of large reform projects within the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Whilst these developments have prompted enduring debates over Middle Eastern paths of transformation, the case of Cyprus has remained isolated from these discussions, something this book seeks to address. One of the first research monographs to appear in English on Cyprus during the eventful times of the Ottoman 'long' 19th century, this book consistently seeks to provide a dialogue between source analyses and theoretical frameworks. Exploring the myriad relationships between this singular locality and the regional - not to say global - dynamics of empire, trade and social change at that time, A Provincial History of the Ottoman Empire will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in the Middle East and Modern History.

This is a unique book that combines a political narrative with poetry to examine the role of culture and the fusion of religion and politics during the struggle against colonialism.The context is Britain's geopolitical interests in the Middle East.

By drawing attention to a number of points from current debates in critical international legal scholarship, the present article discusses aspects at the intersection of Cypriot, Balkan and Middle Eastern history, through an innovative angle enriched with insights from a legal perspective. With the 1878 Congress of Berlin and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 at the epicentre, the article builds an argument in favour of revisiting the early period of British rule on the island, as a means to obtain an improved understanding of the constitutional framework for Cypriot independence and by extension, the complexity of international relations in the Eastern Mediterranean to this day.2

During the second half of the 1950s, the Greek Cypriot leadership, the British colonial administration and the Turkish Cypriot community contested for the right to decide the Juture of the island. The local press had a unique role in this political battle as a medium for the unleashing of a fierce 'propaganda war'. The British administration propagated its messages to the public through the local English-language press, while the Turkish Cypriot community took part in this 'propaganda war' through the shortlived 'English Edition of the Halkın Sesi', which is the object of this study. The study, which relies on archival material, finds that the second largest community of the island was not a reactionary element in Cyprus' political field. With innovations, such as the English-language version of a propagandist newspaper, the Turkish Cypriot community emerged as a vital player in the field of the Cyprus Problem.

The issues of gender and banking historiography have been poorly discussed by national literature. This paper seeks to help cover this gap and further contribute to the limited, yet very informative existing knowledge regarding the role of women in Cyprus's historiography and economy. In addition, it aims to challenge the master narrative of 'separate spheres' and to discuss women's investment activity within a family framework. For this, I have researched two bank shareholders' ledgers from the Bank of Cyprus Historical Archive covering the period between 1913 and 1930, and the digitalised archives of ten Greek Cypriot newspapers.

Historiography tends to examine Cyprus history through the light of the Cyprus Problem, thereby ignoring the role of British colonial power, which is examined in this paper. Imperialistic control was exercised through political sovereignty, economic penetration and military control of strategic outposts in an effort to secure critical points of passage for British trade or for military expeditions and it was accompanied by a wider programme of development that raised the colony's standard of living. Only as late as the beginning of the 1950s did Britain make efforts to promote colonial prosperity and the neglected Cyprus, the so called Cinderella, was condemned to backwardness. Uncommonly the technological base of improvements was dictated by the compulsions of British imperial interests as well as the development of the Cold War, not the promotion of the welfare of the people.

Compared to many developed countries in the former British Empire, little has been written about the accounting history of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. This article attempts to fill this void. It focuses on the transition in accounting practice from the last four decades of Ottoman rule to the first four decades of British rule. The main focus is on the significant influences on the development of accounting practice on the island during the four decades from the start of the British occupation and administration in 1878, ending with the Great War in 1918. This period constitutes the 'source phase' of the theory proposed by McKinnon (1986), and therefore the beginning of modern accounting practice in both the public and private sectors. Like other studies on the history of accounting in various states, this paper argues that the practice of accounting evolved in response to political, economic, legal, social and military changes and challenges.

Scholars and other observers have often remarked upon the minimal participation of Turkish Cypriots in Muslim religious rituals. Theories to explain this have included that Turkish Cypriots are actually crypto-Christians or that they are the descendants of Alevis, a heterodox branch of Islam. This paper argues, in contrast, that the decline of Muslim religious practice began in the island in the mid-nineteenth century, with Ottoman reforms that attempted to root out the Sufi folk practices that were common in the island, particularly in rural areas. The paper shows that this institutional suppression of Sufi Islam created a fertile ground for the rise of secularist Kemalism in the 1920s and 1930s.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the recent and noted effort to empower the religious framework in Turkish Cypriot education. The main argument of this paper concerns the question of whether this effort must he analysed as a new effort of 'Turkifying' the Turkish Cypriot community and not 'Islamifying' it. The term 'new 'applies since the first procedure to 'Turkify' the community, according to the connotation of the term Turk that equates it to nation, is considered to have occurred in the late nineteenth century. Over a century later, the term Turk seems to also include the religious element, as opposed to the corresponding term after the creation of the modern Turkish nation. This change and the transition from the secular Turk to the Muslim Turk, a change that comes about in Turkey after the dominance of AKP, tries to penetrate the Turkish Cypriot community, turning the Turkish Cypriot into a Muslim Turk of Cyprus. However, what one should examine carefully are the peculiarities of the Turkish Cypriot community, especially in relation to religion, and, therefore, the difficulty to identify the average Turkish Cypriot with the term Muslim Turk of Cyprus. Adapted from the source document.

Thomson's 1878 Cyprus expedition is a key moment in the history of representing Cyprus. This paper highlights the disconnectedness between the mostly uncritical contemporary consumption of Thomson's images and historical realities. The paper argues that Thomson's photographs are much more than documents of a Cypriot past and are, in fact, the product of complex political, ideological and cultural concerns of his time. The context, within which he operated, notably colonialism, was instrumental in shaping the vision of Cyprus his photographs construct. His text and imagery emphasised decay but also Thomson employed a narrative of salvaging. When dealing with people Thomson emphasised physical characteristics over culture and typicality and collective character over individuality. Further, and almost inevitably, Thomson engaged in a discussion about the cultural orientation of the place and its people. Yet, Cyprus proved to be a non-straightforward case. It was a geographical, historical and cultural territory that would 'resist' a direct and uncomplicated categorisation and placement within either cultural sphere. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]