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Background Hydatid cystic disease (HCD) is primarily a disease of sheep and cattle. Human beings are accidental hosts. It is prevalent in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) of China. In pregnancy, it can cause many complications. Case presentation We present a multigravida with breech presentation at 37 weeks of pregnancy in whom a large pelvic hydatid cyst and multiple hepatic hydatids were diagnosed by ultrasonography. The large pelvic hydatid cyst was drained through the posterior fornix under the guidance of ultrasound, and an external cephalic version was performed. A healthy baby was delivered vaginally with head presentation at term. Conclusion HCD during pregnancy presents with management difficulty. It is important to formulate individualized treatment plans according to the actual situation of the patient and the local level of treatment.

Background Surgery is still the main treatment for hydatid disease. Recurrence of the infection is one of the end points of surgery in treating the hydatid cyst which results from the dissemination of protoscolices-rich fluid. Installation of a scolicidal agent into the cyst is the most commonly employed measure to prevent recurrence. Many scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of the cyst’s content, but most of them are not safe due to their undesired side effects. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of Allium sativum is investigated. Methods Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. Two concentrations (25 and 50 mg ml −1 ) of garlic extract were used for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Results Allium sativum extract at the concentration of 25 mg ml −1 killed 87.9, 95.6, 96.8, 98.7, 99.6, and 100% of protoscolices following 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min of application, respectively. Moreover, the scolicidal activity of Allium sativum extract at the concentration of 50 mg ml −1 was 100% after 10 min of application. Conclusions Methanolic extract of Allium sativum had a high scolicidal activity in vitro and thus might be used as a scolicidal agent in the surgical treatment of the hydatid cyst. However, further investigation on the in vivo efficacy of Allium sativum extract and its possible side effects is proposed.

In diseases characterized by fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are mesenchymal cells that play an important role in liver fibrosis. circRNAs are involved in regulating hydatid exocyst formation through miRNA sponge adsorption. The mechanisms of hepatic cystic hydatid outer cyst formation, HSC, and liver fibrosis are unclear. Based on our sequencing data, we validated the mechanism by which circRNA-049637 regulated hepatic cystic hydatid growth and promoted outer fibrocystic wall formation. Our results revealed that circRNA_049637 silencing promoted the proliferation of LX-2 human HSCs, affected the cell cycle, and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of liver fibrosis-related indicators such as [alpha]-SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, and TGFRII. CircRNA_049637 may induce the formation of hepatic hydatid cysts by promoting hepatic fibrosis via HSC activation.

Recurrence of hydatidosis may results from cyst fluid spillage during surgery. To inactivate the cyst content, different scolicidal agents have been introduced. Nevertheless, novel and more effective treatments are needed due to the associated complications. In the current study, we examined the scolicidal effects of gold nanoparticles on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Hydatid cysts of sheep liver were collected in this study. The cyst fluid containing protoscoleces was aspirated aseptically. The protoscoleces were exposed to gold nanoparticles at different concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 μg/mL). Eosin staining method was applied to determine the viability of protoscoleces at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Moreover, cytotoxicity analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of ultrastructural changes, DNA fragmentation, were performed, and protoscoleces were studied following treatment. The significant scolicidal effects of gold nanoparticles were observed at all concentrations compared to the control group. A total of 4000 μg/mL of gold nanoparticles could destroy 76% of protoscoleces in 60 min. Cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticle on J774 macrophage cell line, in minimum and maximum concentration (500 and 4000 μg/mL), were 1 and 11%, respectively. After treatment of protoscoleces with gold nanoparticles in different times and concentrations, considerable alteration in size, ultrastructure changes in tegument and shape of sucker, as well as DNA fragmentation of parasite were seen. Based on the results, gold nanoparticles could exert scolicidal effects on hydatid cyst protoscoleces; therefore, they can be applied in hydatid cyst treatment.

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of laparoscopic surgery compared with conventional surgery. Methods Records of patients who underwent surgery for liver hydatid disease between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. Operative time, blood loss, conversion to open, postoperative morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, and recurrence rate were measured. Results Among 353 eligible patients, 60 were considered for laparoscopic and 293 for conventional surgery. Operative time was slightly increased in laparoscopic group. No major blood loss and blood transfusion were needed. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly short in laparoscopic group (3.8 ± 1.2 days) than that in conventional group (7.4 ± 1.4 days). The overall morbidity was 13.3 % (8/60) in laparoscopic and 19.8 % (58/293) in conventional group without significance. Both conversion rate and mortality was 0 %. One recurrence in laparoscopic (1.7 %, 1/60) and five in conventional group (1.7 %, 5/293) occurred within 48 months of follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic treatment of liver hydatid disease is safe and effective in selected patients with all its advantages.

(Reference) Nandrolone decanoate is an anabolic steroids and is a derivative of testosterone, which belongs to Estran derivatives but is no different in that it does not have the methyl group in the carbon atom (10), As well as group17 hydroxyl ß ,Nandrolone decanoate from steroid compound with long-term physiological effects, and can be made chemically, but it exists naturally in some types of mammalian compared to hormone testicular fat testosterone, Nandrolone decanoate has anabolic capacity five times greater than those shown by testosterone, but the effectiveness is less androgenic and higher Toxicity, And this has been demonstrated by the results obtained from some animal biopsies, and many studies have indicated that the use of high doses of Nandrolone may cause carcinogenic and other hereditary effects in animals[2][3], And for the therapeutic properties of Nandrolone decanoate it is used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women[4] and works to increase the weight and mass of the body in patients with HIV[5] .In the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia and cancer[6], Excessive use of Nandrolone decanoate directly disrupts the efficacy of endocrine glands or its cumulative effects as well as other fertility problems due to its high ability to alter the function of male genital organs[7] . Statistical analysis The results of this study were analyzed statistically, using t ANOVA test. [...]the differences between the rates of the current survey were extracted by using the least significant difference (L.S.D) at the statistical level ( P <0.05) [16] . The decrease in weight is likely to be due to a decrease in the concentration of testosterone due to the effect of androgens, especially the testosterone which is the president of male hormones in increasing body weight because of its structural action on skeletal muscle, stimulating protein synthesis and increasing the weight and size of the kidneys, Or perhaps the decline in weight in part to the moral decline in the weights of testes and Epididymis of animals treated with the hormone Nandrolone, which was recorded during the current study, as they form an integral part of the overall structure of the body so it is possible that the decline in weight has negatively affected weight General for male mice. First edition, Dar Al Awael Publishing, Jordan.

The aim of this retrospective, population-based study was to characterize demographically and clinically cystic-echinococcosis (CE) in southern Israel, between 2005 and 2012. Newly-diagnosed (nd-CE) and past-diagnosed (pd-CE, diagnosed before the study) cases were defined. Two populations live in southern-Israel, receiving medical treatment at a single hospital: the Jewish and the Bedouin populations (resembling resource-rich and resource-poor populations, respectively). 126 CE cases were identified; 55 nd-CE and 71 pd-CE. Mean annual nd-CE incidence per 100,000 in the Bedouin and Jewish populations were 2.7 ± 1.2 and 0.4 ± 0.3, respectively (P<0.001). None of the Bedouin and 86.5% of the Jewish patients were born outside Israel. Liver and lung involvement were recorded in 85.7% and 15.1% of overall-CE, respectively. Abdominal pain, cough, fever, eosinophilia and asymptomatic disease were documented in 63.6%, 32.7%, 27.3%, 41.5% and 12.7% of nd-CE, respectively. Serology sensitivity for first test and any positive test were 67.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Computed tomography, ultrasonography and X-ray diagnosis were documented in 79.2%, 58.4% and 17.0% of overall-CE, respectively, with ultrasonography mainly used in liver-CE and X-ray in lung-CE. Treatment included surgery and albendazole in 50.0% and 55.3% of CE, respectively. We conclude that CE is endemic in southern-Israel among the Bedouin population, while disease is probably mainly imported in the Jewish population. Liver involvement and eosinophilia rates were high compared with those of other endemic regions, possibly due to differences in the timing of diagnosis. These findings may help developing treatment and prevention strategies.

Hydatid cyst is an endemic disease in several regions of the world. Renal involvement is rare. Association with kidney stones is even less likely. We report a case with isolated renal hydatid disease mimicking a non-opaque kidney stone.

Iran is an important endemic focus of cystic hydatid disease (CHD) where several species of intermediate host are commonly infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Isolates of E. granulosus were collected from humans and other animals from different geographical areas of Iran and characterized using both DNA (PCR-RFLP of ITS1) and morphological criteria (metacestode rostellar hook dimensions). The sheep and camel strains/genotypes were shown to occur in Iran. The sheep strain was shown to be the most common genotype of E. granulosus affecting sheep, cattle, goats and occasionally camels. The majority of camels were infected with the camel genotype as were 3 of 33 human cases. This is the first time that cases of CHD in humans have been identified in an area where a transmission cycle for the camel genotype exists. In addition, the camel genotype was found to cause infection in both sheep and cattle. Results also demonstrated that both sheep and camel strains can be readily differentiated on the basis of hook morphology alone.

Treatment of hepatic echinococcosis remains a surgical problem not only in endemic countries. Between January 1983 and December 1999 a total of 29 patients underwent surgical treatment for hepatic hydatidosis at the Department of General Surgery at the University Hospital of Granada. The diagnosis was based on clinical criteria, serology, and imaging techniques. There were 16 male and 12 female patients (ages 7–67 and 30–74 years, respectively). Concomitant extrahepatic complications were found in seven patients. Among them, five had secondary parasitic cysts in the peritoneal cavity. In one case an intrathoracic rupture was found, and one patient suffered an intraabdominal rupture with anaphylactic shock. The right lobe was affected in 62% (18 patients). Hepatic cysts were multiple in 4 cases and calcified in 13. Conservative surgical procedures were performed in 23 patients (closed marsupialization with fibrin glue obliteration in 17 and drainage‐marsupialization in 6), and radical surgical procedures were undertaken in 6 (pericystectomy in 5 and hemihepatectomy in 1). One patient underwent an explorative laparotomy with intraabdominal lavage followed by pericystectomy after primary resuscitation due to anaphylactic shock. The mean period of hospitalization was 15.9 days, and there were no serious postoperative complications or fatal outcomes. The perioperative morbidity rate was 2.5%. One patient suffered a recurrence of the disease following drainage marsupialization after an interval of 5 years. Our results indicate that the closed marsupialization technique is a safe, sparing method for treating uncomplicated hepatic hydatidosis. The results were also compared to those of a former study reported by our group in which the experience of another 19 years was presented. Résumé Le traitement de l’échinococcose reste un problème chirurgical, même en dehors des pays d’endémie. Entre janvier 1983 et décembre 1999, on a traité 29 patients pour hydatidose hépatique au département de chirurgie générale à l’Hôpital Universitaire de Grenade. Le diagnostic a été basé sur des critères cliniques, sérologiques et sur l’imagerie. Il y avait 16 hommes et 12 femmes (7–67 et 30–74 ans). On a trouvé des complications extrahépatiques concomitantes chez 7 patients. Parmi ceux‐ci, cinq avaient une localization parasitaire secondaire au niveau du péritoine. Dans un cas, on a observé une rupture intrathoracique et chez un autre patient, une rupture intra‐abdominale avec choc anaphylactique. Les lesions ont intéressé le lobe droit du foie dans 62% des cas (18 patients). Les kystes hépatiques étaient multiples dans quatre cas, et calcifiés dans 13 cas. Une chirurgie conservatrice a été réalisée chez 23 (marsupialisation fermée completée par un colmatage à la colle de fibrine; n = 17 et marsupialisationdrainage, n = 6) et une chirurgie radicale (péricystectomie, n = 5 et hémihépatectomie, n = 1), chez 6 patients. Un patient a eu une laparotomie exploratrice avec lavage intra‐abdominal suivi d’une périkystectomie après réanimation primaire en raison d’un choc anaphylactique. La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation a été de 15.9 jours et aucune complication postopératoire sévère ou d’évolution fatale n’a été observée. La morbidité péri‐opératoire a été de 2.5%. On a observé une récidive chez un patient cinq ans après marsupialisation‐drainage. Nos résultants indiquent que la marsupialisation fermée est une technique conservatrice, sûre, pour le traitement d’hydatidose hépatique non compliquée. Ces résultats sont similaires à ceux d’une autre publication provenant de notre groupe, reportant notre expérience de 19 ans. Resumen El tratamiento de la equinococosis sigue siendo un problema quirúrgico que no se limita a los países que padecen esta endemia. Entre enero de 1983 y diciembre de 1999 un total de 29 pacientes fue sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico por hidatidosis hepática en el Departamento de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario de Granada. El diagnóstico se fundamentó en criterios clínicos, serología y técnicas imagenológicas. La serie comprendió 16 pacientes masculinos y 12 femeninos (7–67 y 30–74 años respective‐mente). Se encontraron complicaciones extrahepáticas de la enfermedad en 7 pacientes, 5 de los cuales tenían quistes parasitarios secundarios en la cavidad peritoneal. Un paciente presentó ruptura intratorácica y uno desarrolló ruptura intraabdominal con shock anafiláctico. El lóbulo derecho apareció afectado en 18 pacientes, 62%. Los quistes hepáticos eran multiples en 4 pacientes y calcificados en 13. Se realizaron procedimientos quirúrgicos conservadores en 23 pacientes (marsupialización cerrada con obliteración con pegante de fibrina, n = 17, y drenaje‐marsupialización, n = 6) y procedimientos quirúrgicos radicales en 6 pacientes (pericistectomia, n = 5 y hemihepatectomía, n = 1). En uno se practicó laparotomía exploratoria con lavado intra‐abdominal luego de una pericistectomía y después de resucitación primaria por shock anafiláctico. El tiempo promedio de hospitalización fue de 15.9 días; no se registraron complicaciones postoperatorias graves ni mortalidad. La tasa de morbilidad peri‐operatoria fue 2.5%. Hubo recurrencia de la enfermedad en un paciente sometido a drenaje‐marsupialización, con un intervalo de 5 años. Los resultados indican que la marsupialización cerrada es una técnica segura y que representa un método de conservación hepática en la hidatidosis no complicada. También se comparan los resultados del presente estudio con los de otro realizado por nuestro grupo en el cual se presenta nuestra experiencia en otro período de 19 años.