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"DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE"
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Tracking Development Assistance for Health: A Comparative Study of the 29 Development Assistance Committee Countries, 2011–2019
Development assistance for health (DAH) is an important part of financing healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated the gross disbursement of DAH of the 29 Development Assistance Committee (DAC) member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for 2011–2019; and clarified its flows, including aid type, channel, target region, and target health focus area. Data from the OECD iLibrary were used. The DAH definition was based on the OECD sector classification. For core funding to non-health-specific multilateral agencies, we estimated DAH and its flows based on the OECD methodology for calculating imputed multilateral official development assistance (ODA). The total amount of DAH for all countries combined was 18.5 billion USD in 2019, at 17.4 USD per capita, with the 2011–2019 average of 19.7 billion USD. The average share of DAH in ODA for the 29 countries was about 7.9% in 2019. Between 2011 and 2019, most DAC countries allocated approximately 60% of their DAH to primary health care, with the remaining 40% allocated to health system strengthening. We expect that the estimates of this study will help DAC member countries strategize future DAH wisely, efficiently, and effectively while ensuring transparency.
Journal Article
The Effects of Bilateral and Multilateral Official Development Assistance on Vietnam’s Economic Growth
This study investigates the effects of bilateral and multilateral official development assistance on Vietnam’s economic growth from 1986 to 2022. Utilizing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, our results show that in the shortrun, bilateral official development assistance has a significant positive influence on economic growth, whereas multilateral official development assistance has a significant negative influence on economic growth. However, the empirical findings reveal that both bilateral and multilateral official development assistance have no influence on economic growth in the longterm. Given that bilateral official development assistance has a significantly positive impact on economic growth in the shortrun, Vietnam should strengthen partnerships with donor countries. Tailoring projects to align with bilateral donors’ interests can lead to more effective interventions. In addition, multilateral official development assistance has been found to have a negative impact on economic growth in the shortrun, possibly due to complex approval and implementation processes. Therefore, the government should advocate for more flexible project requirements and reduce bureaucratic hurdles. Simplifying the approval process can help accelerate project implementation and enhance immediate economic benefits. Moreover, because official development assistance does not impact on economic growth in the longterm, Vietnam should focus on sustainable development strategies that reduce dependency on external aid. This includes investing in human capital, innovation, and technology to foster endogenous growth.
Journal Article
Global Monitoring Report, 2009: A Development Emergency
A Development Emergency: the title of this year's Global Monitoring Report, the sixth in an annual series, could not be more apt. The global economic crisis, the most severe since the Great Depression, is rapidly turning into a human and development crisis. No region is immune. The poor countries are especially vulnerable, as they have the least cushion to withstand events. The crisis, coming on the heels of the food and fuel crises, poses serious threats to their hard-won gains in boosting economic growth and reducing poverty. It is pushing millions back into poverty and putting at risk the very survival of many. The prospect of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, already a cause for serious concern, now looks even more distant. A global crisis must be met with a global response. The crisis began in the financial markets of developed countries, so the first order of business must be to stabilize these markets and counter the recession that the financial turmoil has triggered. At the same time, strong and urgent actions are needed to counter the impact of the crisis on developing countries and help them restore strong growth while protecting the poor. Global Monitoring Report 2009, prepared jointly by the staff of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, provides a development perspective on the global economic crisis. It assesses the impact on developing countries, their growth, poverty reduction, and other MDGs. And it sets out priorities for policy response, both by developing countries themselves and by the international community. This report also focuses on the ways in which the private sector can be better mobilized in support of development goals, especially in the aftermath of the crisis.
eBook
Japan’s Official Development Assistance in the 2010s: a Return to Economic Infrastructure and Private Sectors
Japanese aid has been continuously criticized as its modalities are focused on economic infrastructure via loans. However, support for economic growth and infrastructure has become more important due to the growing influence of recipient needs and emerging donors. Accordingly, Japan’s perception and implementation of its aid in the changing international regime in the 2010s are a salient factor. This study clarifies the common and different features between the official development assistance before the 1990s and the 2010s to identify which characteristics “returned” from the “Japan model” in the past. The domestic background and factors were examined to explain the alteration concentrated on the meaning of aid in the Abe administration’s policy directions and domestic actors. The results indicate the aid modalities in the 2010s are similar to the aid in the 1980s in some aspects, putting emphasis on economic growth, infrastructure, and cooperation with private sectors. But “quality growth” came into the slogan in the 2010s, as Japan is not the largest donor anymore. The Prime minister’s office (Kantei) led the aid policy as a part of priority policy “Abenomics” to support the prime minister in the 2010s, while collaborations among Liberal Democratic Party members, bureaucrats, and private actors led the aid policy in the 1980s.
Journal Article
The Development Aid for the Agricultural Sector of African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries—Determinants and Allocation
We propose a method for allocating Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the agricultural sector of African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries based on objectively measured indicators of the development of the economies determined for the period of 2010–2022. These indicators are calculated from statistical data using factor analysis. They are then implemented in a linear programming model to allocate the budget for ACP agriculture. The results show that the proposed approach allocates funds according to the assumed logic, supporting countries in the low and very low development classes. The research conducted can contribute to the discussion on the allocation of development support to the agricultural sector by potential donors while analyzing different assumptions. This study can also serve as a prelude to researching the phenomenon of increasing efficiency in the agricultural sector in the context of potential economic development paths for the analyzed countries.
Journal Article