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Life's greatest secret : the race to crack the genetic code
Life's Greatest Secret is the story of the discovery and cracking of the genetic code. This great scientific breakthrough has had far-reaching consequences for how we understand ourselves and our place in the natural world. The code forms the most striking proof of Darwin's hypothesis that all organisms are related, holds tremendous promise for improving human well-being, and has transformed the way we think about life. Matthew Cobb interweaves science, biography and anecdote in a book that mixes remarkable insights, theoretical dead-ends and ingenious experiments with the pace of a thriller. He describes cooperation and competition among some of the twentieth-century's most outstanding and eccentric minds, moves between biology, physics and chemistry, and shows the part played by computing and cybernetics. The story spans the globe, from Cambridge MA to Cambridge UK, New York to Paris, London to Moscow. It is both thrilling science and a fascinating story about how science is done.
Book
Our Genetic Destiny
A fascinating account of the origin, evolution, and organization of our genes. Our Genetic Destiny provides a stimulating description of what may well be science's greatest and most challenging field.
eBook
Satellite DNA Genomics: The Ongoing Story
Tandemly repeated non-coding sequences, widely known as satellite DNAs (satDNAs), are extremely diverse and highly variable components of eukaryotic genomes. In recent years, advances in high-throughput sequencing and new bioinformatics platforms have enabled in-depth studies of all (or nearly all) tandem repeats in any genome (the satellitome), while a growing number of telomere-to-telomere assemblies facilitates their detailed mapping. Research performed on a large number of non-model plant and animal species changed significantly the “classical” view on these sequences, both in an organizational and functional sense, from ballast compacted in the form of heterochromatin to elements that are important for structuring the entire genome, as well as for its functions and evolution. The diversity of repeat families, and the complexity of their intraspecies and interspecies distribution patterns, posed new questions, urging for species-by-species comparative analyses. Here we integrate some basic features of different forms of sequences repeated in tandem and rapidly growing data evidencing extensive dispersal of satDNA sequences in euchromatin, their putative roles and evolutionary significance. Importantly, we also present and discuss various issues brought on by the use of new methodological approaches and point out potential threats to the analysis of satDNAs and satellitomes.
Journal Article
Molecular biology techniques : a classroom laboratory manual
This manual is an indispensable tool for introducing advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students to the techniques of recombinant DNA technology, or gene cloning and expression. The techniques used in basic research and biotechnology laboratories are covered in detail. Students gain hands-on experience from start to finish in subcloning a gene into an expression vector, through purification of the recombinant protein.The third edition has been completely re-written, with new laboratory exercises and all new illustrations and text, designed for a typical 15-week semester, rather than a 4-week intensive course. The \"project\" approach to experiments was maintained: students still follow a cloning project through to completion, culminating in the purification of recombinant protein. It takes advantage of the enhanced green fluorescent protein-students can actually visualize positive clones following IPTG induction. *Cover basic concepts and techniques used in molecular biology research labs*Student-tested labs proven successful in a real classroom laboratories*Exercises simulate a cloning project that would be performed in a real research lab*\"Project\" approach to experiments gives students an overview of the entire process*Prep-list appendix contains necessary recipes and catalog numbers, providing staff with detailed instructions
eBook
Genetic modification : should humans control nature?
Readers explore basic concepts of cellular biology, including DNA and genes. Then they are guided though the differing sides of the genetics debate and encouraged to take their own informed stance on the issues.
Book
Native Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of DNA G-Quadruplexes in Potassium Solution
A commonly used electrolyte in electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of biomolecules is ammonium acetate (NH
4
OAc). Although some nucleic acid structures such as duplexes require only proper physiological ionic strength (whatever the monovalent ions) to be properly folded in ESI-MS conditions, the folding of some other nucleic acid structures such as DNA G-quadruplexes also depends on direct binding of specific cations. Here, we developed ESI-MS compatible conditions that allow one to observe DNA G-quaduplexes with K
+
ions specifically bound between G-quartets. NH
4
OAc was replaced with trimethylammonium acetate (TMAA), at concentrations up to 150 mM to provide physiological ionic strength, and the solution was doped with KCl at concentrations up to 1 mM. The trimethylammonium ion is too large to coordinate between G-quartets, where only K
+
ions bind. Compared with the equivalent NH
4
OAc/KCl mixtures, the TMAA/KCl mixtures provide cleaner spectra by suppressing the nonspecific adducts, and favor the formation of similar stacking arrangements as in 100 mM KCl (physiologically relevant cation) for the polymorphic human telomeric DNA G-quadruplexes. This new sample preparation method can be exploited to determine the number of potassium binding sites in new sequences, to screen ligand binding to the structures favored in potassium, and to transfer potassium-bound G-quadruplexes to the mass spectrometer for gas-phase structural probing, as illustrated herein with ion mobility spectrometry experiments.
Figure
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Journal Article
Understanding Gas Phase Modifier Interactions in Rapid Analysis by Differential Mobility-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
A systematic study involving the use and optimization of gas-phase modifiers in quantitative differential mobility-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) analysis is presented using nucleoside-adduct biomarkers of DNA damage as an important reference point for analysis in complex matrices. Commonly used polar protic and polar aprotic modifiers have been screened for use against two deoxyguanosine adducts of DNA:
N
-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP) and
N
-(deoxyguanosin-8-y1)-2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (dG-C8-PhIP). Particular attention was paid to compensation voltage (CoV) shifts, peak shapes, and product ion signal intensities while optimizing the DMS-MS conditions. The optimized parameters were then applied to rapid quantitation of the DNA adducts in calf thymus DNA. After a protein precipitation step, adduct levels corresponding to less than one modification in 10
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normal DNA bases were detected using the DMS-MS platform. Based on DMS fundamentals and ab initio thermochemical results, we interpret the complexity of DMS modifier responses in terms of thermal activation and the development of solvent shells. At very high bulk gas temperature, modifier dipole moment may be the most important factor in cluster formation and cluster geometry, but at lower temperatures, multi-neutral clusters are important and less predictable. This work provides a useful protocol for targeted DNA adduct quantitation and a basis for future work on DMS modifier effects.
Journal Article