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The platform economy—a phenomenon attracting public and academic attention alike—is perceived asa tremendous novelty. The Internet and other IT technologies that bring such platforms alive are said to determinetheir innovative and modern label. This paper argues otherwise. The role of information infrastructure cannotbe properly analysed without discovering the content of labour relations behind it. From the perspective of thispaper, the latter is similar to the historical putting-out system. The system that arose in the 18th century andwhose participants came from the ranks of formally free, home base labour was strikingly congruous with themodern work-on-demand system. The paper analyzes the features of the contemporary gig economy and pointsout similarities and differences between the historical putting-out system and its digital incarnation. In conclusion,the paper makes some predictions regarding work on platforms

Conclusion: The benefit of demographic dividend of young Indian minds with talent and experience in innovation, the Prime Minister's Make in India movement for creating a ecosystem for medical devices, the upskilling and implementation of disease management programs for medical device manufacturers has made the industry to go in for a rapid transformation in India. Related to this issue, first fiscal policy was exposed to aid the Indian medical device manufacturing by withdrawing concessional duty for few devices in January has made a significant positive movement hence 60% of the devices got relief. The benefit of demographic dividend of young Indian minds with talent and experience in innovation, the Prime Minister's Make in India movement for creating a ecosystem for medical devices, the upskilling and implementation of disease management programs for medical device manufacturers has made the industry to go in for a rapid transformation in India[5].

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how synergies between lean and green supply chain practices emerge. In particular, the authors explore which practices identified in the literature are actually implemented in a synergic way and determine what synergic results they bring. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth case study of the Brazilian subsidiary of a large multinational company was conducted using interviews, in-plant observations and document analysis. Findings The majority of the practices (26 out of 31) bring synergic results to lean and green performance. Synergies can emerge spontaneously (rather than being strategized) even when the implementation of green and lean practices is compartmentalized in different areas, with no department or supportive management team to treat them in a joined way. The strongest synergic results are found in practices related to suppliers and customers because these supply chain actors act as bridges between the lean and green areas. Research limitations/implications The authors did not have access to the company customers and suppliers. This restriction made the analysis of drivers skewed towards the perspective of the focal company and the way they framed their interactions. Second, the assessment of synergies was in the majority of cases qualitative. Originality/value Empirically, it is the first time that all synergic practices identified in the literature are explored through a case study. Theoretically, the authors developed a model of determinants of lean and green synergies based on constructs emerging from the data; behavioural literature in synergies and research on synergies in mergers and acquisitions.

This paper constructs an evaluation system for the development of Hebei Province’s household service industry from the aspects of policy, construction and talents, and measures the development level of Hebei Province’s household service industry as well as the characteristics of its spatio-temporal evolution by using the entropy method, the Kernel kernel density estimation and the spatial Markov chain. Based on quantitative measurement results, fuzzy mathematical theory is used to construct an optimization model to optimize the existing family service industry development in Hebei Province. In the measurement of this paper, the average value of the comprehensive water of the development of the household service industry in Hebei Province grows from 0.0739 in 2010 to 0.1305 in 2020.Although the household service industry in Shijiazhuang City can maintain a high level of growth from 2010 to 2020, the overall development of the household service industry in Hebei Province is relatively low, and there are large differences between regions. According to the fuzzy mathematical optimization model of this paper, the optimal choice of the optimization scheme for the development of the domestic service industry in Hebei Province can be obtained that the optimal strategy that Hebei Province should adopt in the development of the domestic service industry is the construction of a demonstrative domestic helper training base.

PurposeThe study explores the evolution of Indian domestic electronics manufacturing post-economic reforms and also investigates the lack of natural growth stages among Indian start-up/SME electronics manufactures.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework is inspired by Dawar and Frost's survival strategy theory that local companies may follow to overcome competitive threats from MNCs. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, more precisely, a phenomenological approach to walking through policy/regulatory reforms amid market distortions, technological gaps and colonial mindset from the perspective of Indian domestic electronics manufacturers. The study has adopted Gioia method of data analysis to inductively suggest a few research propositions.FindingsThe phenomenological approach revealed eight essential structure (essence) narratives to explore the complex issue that plague the industry: make in India, made in India, preferential market access strategy, equitable market access strategy, blue ocean strategy, competitive positioning strategy, technical capability and importance of policy/regulatory arbitrage.Practical implicationsThe situation of Indian electronics manufacturing units is comparable to the bonsai tree situation, where natural evolution in business stages does not exist; they are born and die as start-ups/MSMEs. The study advocates for equitable market access by removing market distortions. The long-term solution may lie in making available locally manufactured products as a dependable alternative to the imported products or produced locally by MNC OEMs in terms of cost, quality, technology, volume, after-sale service and integrated supply chain.Originality/valueWhile the favorable FDI policies, digital India and make-in India initiatives have strengthened domestic electronics production, it is yet to significantly impact India's position in global trade, including manufacturing and exports.

The government of Bolivia seeks to reinvigorate the nontraditional export sector as part of its national development strategy. This Country Study investigates the role that trade should play in Bolivia's development strategy, given the country's rich resource endowment, and examines the lessons of Bolivia's integration into the global economy. Considering the past links between trade and Bolivia's economy, the study analyzes the impact of different scenarios on growth, employment, trade flows, and poverty; it also evaluates barriers to higher export competitiveness and constraints on exporting firms. The study concludes that preferential access to world markets is necessary but not sufficient for success in nontraditional exports. Efficient services are necessary to reduce exporters' costs, and the government should be more proactive in laying the foundation for export diversification, increasing the effectiveness of institutions, and addressing impediments to crossborder trade.