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New horizons are opening for Africa, with a growing number of Chinese andIndian businesses fostering its integration into advanced markets. However,significant imbalances will have to be addressed on both sides of the equation to support long-term growth.

This study investigates the impact of trade openness on the economic performances of selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries while incorporating elements of domestic investment into the empirical analysis in the wake of dynamic sentiments for trade liberalization among nations in recent times. The study covers an empirical analysis of a panel of observations from the selected countries within the framework of the Fully Modified Least Square (FMOLS), and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) regression techniques. The empirical results affirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. However, while domestic investment and the size of the labor force significantly impact economic growth in the positive direction among these countries, trade openness was found to be negatively impacting on growth for the period of the study. It is therefore recommended that cogent effort should be directed towards investments that are crucial for the improvement of labor productivity and production value chains in the domestic economy to dissuade or minimize the rate of export of raw primary commodities. Also, adequate steps should be taken to improve the overall business environment, remove trade impediments, and strengthen institutions among the countries in the region to harness the benefits of trade in our increasingly globalized world.

This study examines relationship between Inward FDI and domestic investment in China, using co-integration and Granger causality analysis (Including bivariate and multivariate Granger causality models). We have used auto-regressive distributed lags(ARDL) econometric methodology technique to define relationship between inward FDI and domestic investment using time series data for China. Our study examines long run effects of FDI inflows on domestic investment over time span 1990-2014 for China using informal, formal institutions and key macroeconomic variables as control variables in the model. The results suggest that conclusions drawn from bivariate model may not be valid because of omission of important control variables. Our results of multivariate model show that there is positive unidirectional causality running from IFDI to DI in the long run. In the short run, both inward FDI and domestic investment do not allow Granger causality.

The study investigated the impact of remittances on domestic investment within the BRICS region. It also explored the complementarity effect (remittance and financial development) on domestic investment using the same data set. The existing literature shows a lack of consensus; hence, their findings are mixed, inconsistent, and divergent, and they show an absence of consensus. The study employed fixed effects, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOS), and pooled ordinary squares (OS). Panel data used ranged from 1989 to 2020. Using personal remittance inflow per capita as a proxy, remittance’s influence on domestic investment was positive and significant across all three panel methods. When personal remittances received were employed as a proxy, remittance’s impact on domestic investment was significantly deleterious under the pooled OS. Financial development significantly improved domestic investment, as observed by Pooled OS (all three models) and FMOS (model 3). Pooled OS (model 1) and FMOS (model 2) produced results that show that financial development improved remittances’ ability to significantly improve domestic investment. The study shows that remittances are a critical element in enhancing domestic investment in BRICS. BRICS nations are urged to develop policies that enhance financial development and remittance inflow to improve domestic investment.

This paper explored the asymmetrical relationships between green and sustainable technology research and environmental sustainability among the BRICS states from 1990 to 2018. The data was analyzed by second- and third-generation economic techniques such as slope heterogeneity and cross-section independence test, unit root test, structural break unit root test, panel cointegration with structural breaks cointegration tests, cross-section autoregressive distributed lags technique, augmented mean group, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test. First, the results validated a long-run cointegration among variables. Second, the results showed that renewable energy consumption and positive shocks to green and sustainable technology research are proper to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions (short- and long-run). Third, gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, exports, and negative shocks to green and sustainable technology research increase carbon dioxide emissions. Fourth, the nexus between green and sustainable technology research and carbon dioxide emissions was counter-cyclical during economic expansion and contraction periods. Fifth, the impact of positive shocks to green and sustainable technology research on carbon dioxide emissions was more than the impact of negative shocks to green and sustainable technology research on carbon dioxide emissions.

This article uses a network approach and a negative binomial regression model (NBRM) to shed light on the association between Domestic Investment (DI) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in interlinking Chinese cities in a space of flows. The empirical analysis is based on 2743 FDI and 9315 DI projects covering 77 Chinese cities. We address the question of what the association is between DI network measures and city attractiveness for FDI, and if the geographic distance of DI matters. While the physical distance of DI activity is found to have a negative association with FDI, city functional proximity and structural position in the DI network are found to have a positive association. We conclude that strategic policies to stimulate cross-territorial economic ties between Chinese cities should be advantageous in attracting inward foreign investment. 本文使用网络方法和负二项回归模型（NBRM）来阐明国内投资（DI）与外国直接投资（FDI）之间在流动空间中连接中国城市方面的关联。实证分析基于覆盖中国77个城市的2743个FDI和9315个DI项目。我们探讨DI网络指标与城市对外国直接投资的吸引力之间存在的关联，以及DI的地理距离是否重要的问题。虽然我们发现DI活动的物理距离与FDI呈负相关，但我们也发现，DI网络中的城市功能接近度和结构位置具有正相关性。我们的结论是，刺激中国城市之间跨领域经济关系的战略政策应该有利于吸引外国投资。

International Economic Law (IEL) has largely regulated cross-border trade and investment in the post-WWII world. IEL has become an important part of the Liberal International Order that prescribes a set of rule-based relationships for international cooperation based on political liberalism, economic liberalism, and liberal internationalism. However, economic globalization has witnessed a relative decline, especially after the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. This form of ‘de-globalization’ challenges the assumptions upon which modern IEL is premised. This introductory article to the special issue on ‘Domestic Investment Laws and International Economic Law in the Liberal International Order’ explains how domestic law has started playing an increasingly important role in regulating foreign investment. Often overlooked instruments such as Domestic Investment Laws, Investment Screening Mechanisms, and Investment Promotion Agencies are now important tools in promoting or restricting foreign investment flows. Expanding on this premise, the article examines the transition from international to domestic in the Liberal International Order with a focus on Domestic Investment Laws. The move to domestic law does not signal a new era of economic isolation for States. Instead, it presents an effort to achieve similar ends of attracting foreign investors using different means while exercising more control over foreign investment.

This study investigates the relationship between domestic investment and economic growth in Somalia from 1990 to 2022 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to assess both short-run and long-run dynamics. Unlike previous research that often emphasizes foreign capital, this analysis focuses on domestic investment (DI) as a primary engine of economic growth in Somalia. The model incorporates additional variables including foreign direct investment (FDI), population growth, exports, and trade openness to provide a comprehensive view of growth determinants. Findings reveal that domestic investment has a statistically significant and positive impact on GDP growth over the long term. Conversely, while FDI shows a positive but statistically insignificant effect, rapid population growth exerts a negative long-run influence. Exports contribute positively, whereas trade openness is associated with adverse long-term effects. Granger causality tests identify both unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationships between GDP and the explanatory variables. The results suggest that both public and private domestic investments are pivotal for fostering sustained economic growth. Accordingly, policy measures should prioritize investment in infrastructure, industry, and labor-intensive sectors to stimulate productivity and long-term capital accumulation. This study provides vital empirical evidence on the role of domestic investment in promoting economic growth in Somalia, a fragile and post-conflict economy. By employing the ARDL bounds testing approach and extending the data range from 1990 to 2022, the research advances the existing literature by capturing both short-run and long-run dynamics often overlooked in prior Somali studies. Findings reveal that domestic investment significantly drives long-term economic expansion, while population growth and trade openness pose structural challenges. The analysis highlights that Somalia's economic development should prioritize domestic capital formation, infrastructure investment, and export diversification over reliance on foreign direct investment alone. Policymakers can use these insights to design targeted interventions fostering sustainable growth, labor-intensive industries, and economic resilience. The study's methodological rigor and context-specific focus offer a foundation for future research on growth strategies in similarly fragile and low-income economies, filling a critical gap in both Somali and broader development economics literature.

Foreign direct investment is the main driver of the growth. The development of Myanmar mainly depends on FDI and domestic investment. The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between FDI and domestic investment in Myanmar from 1990 to 2020. The mean group estimator ARDL model was applied in this empirical study to evidence the relationship between them. This study employed newly collected sector-specific FDI inflows and domestic investment data for detailed examination. In line with the target of this article, the question arises whether FDI crowds in or crowds out DI in Myanmar. According to the outcomes, FDI and DI have a positive and insignificant relationship in the short-run results. However, they are positive and statistically significant in the long-run. There are unique causalities between FDI and DI; between EMP and DI and between EXCH and DI. Hence, FDI does Granger-cause DI. Thus, FDI crowds in DI in the short- and long-hauls in Myanmar. Therefore, the Government should actively do investment promotion for the investors to attract more FDI inflows into the country by facilitating business to sustain the country’s development and encourage the local businesspeople by educating how to use modern technology to shift from labor- to capital-intensive industries for increasing production and efficiency in Myanmar. Implications of the finding are explained with theoretical contributions, recommendations and research limitation are discussed.

Despite using a common database for a sample of 46 developing countries to evaluate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on domestic investment (DI), two recent articles on the subject (Morrissey and Udomkerdmongkol in World Dev 40(3):437–445. 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.004, 2012 and Farla et al. in World Dev 88:1–9, 2016. 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.04.008), produced conflicting results. The current paper contributes to the debate by using a larger panel database of 105 developing countries from 2002 to 2018 while controlling for financial development. We make use of the system generalized method of moments (S-GMM). Our findings do not support a crowding-in effect of FDI; instead, we found that FDI crowded out domestic investment. The findings underscore that institutions played no role in the FDI–DI nexus. Furthermore, there is no strong evidence that good institutions promoted investment in developing countries from 2002 to 2018.