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"Dairy industry"
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General Characteristics and Treatment Possibilities of\u2028Dairy Wastewater - A Review
The milk processing industry is one of the world's staple industries, thus the treatment possibilities of dairy effluents have been attracting more and more attention. The purpose of the paper is to review contemporary research on dairy wastewater. The origin, categories, as well as liquid by-products and general indicators of real dairy wastewater are described. Different procedures applied for dairy wastewater management are summarised. Attention is focused on in-factory treatment technologies with the emphasis on biological processes. Aerobic and anaerobic methods with both their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail. Consecutive anaerobic and aerobic systems are analysed, too. Finally, future research niches are identified.
Journal Article
Creating shared value : impacts of Nestlâe in Moga, India
Nestle's Moga factory was set up in 1961 and comprises of the primary milk collection area for Nestle s operations. Since its inception in Moga, Nestle has been working with its milk farmers and ancillary suppliers towards improving quality and productivity. The study presented in this book (carried out by the Third World Centre for Water Management, Mexico) highlights Nestle's way of doing business through its philosophy of Creating Shared Value (CSV) and how it contributed to the development of the region over the past 50 years through direct and indirect employment, steady income for milk and other suppliers, and technology transfer. The main objective of the study is to learn to what extent has Nestle contributed to fulfilling the societal aspirations and expectations of the people working in and around its factory in terms of employment generation, poverty alleviation, general improvements in the community s standards of living and environmental conservation. The study also tried to determine to what extent has the company created shared value for itself, milk farmers, ancillary firms, and the community at large. This effort aims at encouraging more research to be carried out to comprehensively and authoritatively look into the impacts private sector can have on and around the area where their factories are located and that way, contribute to our understanding of social-corporate-government interdependency.
Book
Mixotrophic cultivation of Spirulina platensis in dairy wastewater: Effects on the production of biomass, biochemical composition and antioxidant capacity
Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae provides a very promising alternative for producing carbohydrate-rich biomass to convert into bioethanol and value-added biocompounds, such as vitamins, pigments, proteins, lipids and antioxidant compounds. Spirulina platensis may present high yields of biomass and carbohydrates when it is grown under mixotrophic conditions using cheese whey. However, there are no previous studies evaluating the influence of this culture system on the profile of fatty acids or antioxidant compounds of this species, which are extremely important for food and pharmaceutical applications and would add value to the cultivation process. S. platensis presented higher specific growth rates, biomass productivity and carbohydrate content under mixotrophic conditions; however, the antioxidant capacity and the protein and lipid content were lower than that of the autotrophic culture. The maximum biomass yield was 2.98 ±0.07 g/L in growth medium with 5.0% whey. The phenolic compound concentration was the same for the biomass obtained under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions with 2.5% and 5.0% whey. The phenolic compound concentrations showed no significant differences except for that in the growth medium with 10.0% whey, which presented an average value of 22.37±0.14 mg gallic acid/g. Mixotrophic cultivation of S. platensis using whey can be considered a viable alternative to reduce the costs of producing S. platensis biomass and carbohydrates, shorten cultivation time and produce carbohydrates, as it does not require adding expensive chemical nutrients to the growth medium and also takes advantage of cheese whey, an adverse dairy industry byproduct.
Journal Article
Reinventing the wheel : milk, microbes, and the fight for real cheese
\"Reinventing the Wheel is equal parts popular science, history, and muckraking. Over the past hundred and fifty years, dairy farming and cheesemaking have been transformed, and this book explores what has been lost along the way. Today, using cutting-edge technologies like high-throughput DNA sequencing, scientists are beginning to understand the techniques of our great-grandparents. The authors describe how geneticists are helping conservationists rescue rare dairy cow breeds on the brink of extinction, microbiologists are teaching cheesemakers to nurture the naturally occurring microbes in their raw milk rather than destroying them, and communities of cheesemakers are producing \"real\" cheeses that reunite farming and flavor, rewarding diversity and sustainability at every level.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Unveiling community structure, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factor of a wastewater sample of dairy farm located in mayurbhanj, odisha, India
Nutrient-rich dairy wastewater (DWW) is an excellent growing medium for microbes. Their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and pathogenic roles remain in the DWW and even multiply in environmental settings, in contrast to many chemical toxins that break down over time. Necessary steps and standardized techniques for tracking AMR in DWW samples are desperately needed. In this context, a DWW sample was evaluated to assess the necessity of remediation and develop a suitable treatment technique. Physicochemical characterizations of the sample showed an elevated level of pollutants like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that led to the water pollution and microbial diversity (e.g., 36 phyla, 72 classes, 111 orders, 168 families, 275 genera, and 347 species). The Shannon and Simpson indices showed that the DWW sample had a high level of microbial diversity of a few species. The gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed the functional categories with 2795 genes belonging to 11 virulence categories. Most of the identified AMR genes belonged to beta-lactamase, and the majority of them were linked to
Escherichia coli
,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Enterobacter cloacae
, etc. The major bacterial phyla carrying AMR genes included Firmicutes (36%), Proteobacteria (31%), Actinobacteria (21%), and Bacteroidetes (5%).
Journal Article
Wo kommt unser Essen her?
\"Woher kommen eigentlich die Lebensmittel, die auf unserem Tisch landen? Dieses Sachbilderbuch zeigt die verschiedenen Produktionsabläufe in kleinen und großen Betrieben: den Weg der Milch auf einem Bauernhof und in einem Milchbetrieb oder wie das Brot in der Backstube und wie es in der Backfabrik entsteht, Fischfang und Fischzucht. Wie und wo Tomaten oder Äpfel wachsen, was passiert, bevor die Wurst in die Pelle kommt - und was das alles mit dem Klima zu tun hat, erklären die detailreichen, großformatigen Bilder und die leicht verständlichen Texte.\" -- Various websites
Energy cost assessment of a dairy industry wastewater treatment plant
Water and energy are closely interlinked during their production and consumption processes. The limited and temporary distribution of energy and water resources poses a significant environmental challenge. Industrial wastewater treatment plants are essential elements of water production and also significant energy consumers. This study proposes a methodology for energy management of a wastewater treatment plant. Specifically, it examines the impact of optimum operating conditions on energy costs for a dairy wastewater treatment plant using a dissolved air flotation process. Monte Carlo simulation was used to optimize the parameters and to determine the reuse potential of dairy effluent. Firstly, the optimum operating conditions were determined. The results revealed a maximum fat, oil, and grease removal efficiency of 97% and a chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 70%. The optimum conditions were pH of 8, a saturation pressure of 5 bars, and a recirculation ratio of 33%. The optimum concentrations of coagulant and flocculant that contain polyaluminum chloride and cationic polymer were 20 mg/L and 25 mg/L, respectively. The results of the simulation study gave a recirculation ratio of 26.31%, a polyaluminum chloride concentration of 42.5 mg/L, a cationic polymer concentration of 36.31 mg/L, and a saturation pressure of 4.61 bars. Finally, energy cost assessment was performed using a newly developed model which showed that the energy cost indicator of the existing process was lower than optimum operating conditions. The reuse potential of dairy effluent as cooling water was found to be 52%.
Journal Article
Synthesis and characterization of MIL-88 A(Fe)/C composite for treatment of dairy factory’s wastewater by enhanced electro-Fenton method
This research focuses on addressing the environmental challenges posed by dairy wastewater problems using advanced oxidation processes (AOP). This study uses a composite of MIL-88 A(Fe)/C with an electro-Fenton process to mitigate the organic pollutants in dairy wastewater. The MIL-88 A(Fe)/C composite is synthesized by combining MIL88-A with carbon in a hydrothermal process, and its morphological characterization was investigated by spectroscopy and microscopy methods. The parameters of pH, time, composite concentration, and oxidizer concentration were optimized by the response surface method (RSM). In all experiments, the electrode distance was 3 cm and the current density was 9 A/m
2
. A quadratic model was fitted to the data. Comparison of adjusted
R
2
with predicted
R
2
validated the model. Kinetic studies revealed it followed pseudo-second-order behavior. The optimum conditions for reducing COD in the electro-Fenton process were pH 7.0, contact time 102.6 min, catalyst concentration MIL-88 A(Fe)/C 0.5 g/L, and oxidizing concentration of Na
2
S
2
O
8
0.026 M. Under these conditions, COD removal efficiency from the Isfahan Pegah Dairy factory’s wastewater was statistically equal to 86.6% and experimentally equal to 89%. The results of the electro-Fenton process using MIL-88 A(Fe)/C composite, low-cost graphite, and titanium electrodes were competitive and promising compared to previous research on the Wastewater of Dairy Industries.
Journal Article
Case study on the dairy processing industries and their wastewater generation in Latvia
The objective of the research presented in this Research Communication was to access the environmental impact of the Latvian dairy industries. Site visits and interviews at Latvian dairy processing companies were done in order to collect site-specific data. This includes the turnover of the dairy industries, production, quality of water in various industrial processes, the flow and capacity of the sewage including their characteristic, existing practices and measures for wastewater management. The results showed that dairy industries in Latvia generated in total approximately 2263 × 103 m3 wastewater in the year 2019. The Latvian dairy effluents were characterized with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids (TS). Few dairy plants had pre-treatment facilities for removal of contaminants, and many lacked onsite treatment technologies. Most facilities discharged dairy wastewater to municipal wastewater treatment plants. The current study gives insight into the Latvian dairy industries, their effluent management and pollution at Gulf of Riga due to wastewater discharge.
Journal Article