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"Data structures (Computer science) Congresses"
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Remixing functionally graded structures: data-driven topology optimization with multiclass shape blending
To create heterogeneous, multiscale structures with unprecedented functionalities, recent topology optimization approaches design either fully aperiodic systems or functionally graded structures, which compete in terms of design freedom and efficiency. We propose to inherit the advantages of both through a data-driven framework for multiclass functionally graded structures that mixes several families, i.e., classes, of microstructure topologies to create spatially-varying designs with guaranteed feasibility. The key is a new multiclass shape blending scheme that generates smoothly graded microstructures without requiring compatible classes or connectivity and feasibility constraints. Moreover, it transforms the microscale problem into an efficient, low-dimensional one without confining the design to predefined shapes. Compliance and shape matching examples using common truss geometries and diversity-based freeform topologies demonstrate the versatility of our framework, while studies on the effect of the number and diversity of classes illustrate the effectiveness. The generality of the proposed methods supports future extensions beyond the linear applications presented.
Journal Article
Nonparametric method of topic identification using granularity concept and graph-based modeling
This paper aims to classify the large unstructured documents into different topics without involving huge computational resources and a priori knowledge. The concept of granularity is employed here to extract contextual information from the documents by generating granules of words (GoWs), hierarchically. The proposed granularity-based word grouping (GBWG) algorithm in a computationally efficient way group the words at different layers by using co-occurrence measure between the words of different granules. The GBWG algorithm terminates when no new GoW is generated at any layer of the hierarchical structure. Thus multiple GoWs are obtained, each of which contains contextually related words, representing different topics. However, the GoWs may contain common words and creating ambiguity in topic identification. Louvain graph clustering algorithm has been employed to automatically identify the topics, containing unique words by using mutual information as an association measure between the words (nodes) of each GoW. A test document is classified into a particular topic based on the probability of its unique words belong to different topics. The performance of the proposed method has been compared with other unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised topic modeling algorithms. Experimentally, it has been shown that the proposed method is comparable or better than the state-of-the-art topic modeling algorithms which further statistically verified with the Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test.
Journal Article
Communication and Power Engineering
Communication and Power Engineering are the proceedings of the joint International conferences organized by IDES in the year 2016.The aim of these conference proceedings is to bringing together the researchers, scientists, engineers, and scholar students in all areas of Computer Science, Power Engineering, Electrical & Electronics and provides an.
eBook
Formal Ontologies Meet Industry
Knowledge modeling and the semantic dimension of information plays an increasingly central role in the network economy today. Theoretical research and actual implementations bring up unexpected problems and issues and there is, moreover, an increasing need for solid theoretical foundations for practical applications of ontologies, based on philosophy, linguistics, artificial intelligence and logic. The fifth International workshop Formal Ontology Meets Industry (FOMI 2011), held in Delft, the Netherlands in July 2011, brings together researchers and practitioners involved in this field, without the restrictions of their usual domains of work: business, medicine, engineering, finance, law, biology, geography, electronics, and many more. The nine papers presented here are divided into three sections: Philosophical Foundations of FOMI, Methodological Approaches, and finally, Data Integration. Subjects covered in part one include defining the general notion of technical artifacts in formal ontologies and a philosophy inspired schema to describe applied ontologies. Part two includes a paper on the context and methodological approach for the support of ontology-based annotations and meta data management of clinical trial resources, as well as a presentation of two formal approaches to similarity, the geometric model and feature matching model. In part three, there is a proposal to apply ontologies for Linked Open Data to monitor operational behavior, particularly supply chain risk analysis; this section also includes a description of Gellish, a formal ontological language.
eBook
Finding hidden relevant documents buried in scientific documents by terminological paraphrases
Technical terms play an important role of effective queries for many users to search scientific databases. However, authors of scientific literature often employ alternative expressions to represent the meanings of specific terms, in other words,
Terminological Paraphrases
(TPs) in the literature for certain reasons, which leads to producing relevant documents that are not captured by conventional terms above. In this paper, we propose an effective way to retrieve “
de facto relevant documents
” which only contain those TPs and cannot be searched by conventional models in an environment with only controlled vocabularies by adapting Predicate Argument Tuple (PAT). The experiment confirms that PAT-based document retrieval is an effective and promising method to discover those kinds of documents and to improve the recall of terminology-based scientific information access models.
Journal Article
Linking folksonomy to Library of Congress subject headings: an exploratory study
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linking of a folksonomy (user vocabulary) and LCSH (controlled vocabulary) on the basis of word matching, for the potential use of LCSH in bringing order to folksonomies.Design methodology approach - A selected sample of a folksonomy from a popular collaborative tagging system, Delicious, was word-matched with LCSH. LCSH was transformed into a tree structure called an LCSH tree for the matching. A close examination was conducted on the characteristics of folksonomies, the overlap of folksonomies with LCSH, and the distribution of folksonomies over the LCSH tree.Findings - The experimental results showed that the total proportion of tags being matched with LC subject headings constituted approximately two-thirds of all tags involved, with an additional 10 percent of the remaining tags having potential matches. A number of barriers for the linking as well as two areas in need of improving the matching are identified and described. Three important tag distribution patterns over the LCSH tree were identified and supported: skewedness, multifacet, and Zipfian-pattern.Research limitations implications - The results of the study can be adopted for the development of innovative methods of mapping between folksonomy and LCSH, which directly contributes to effective access and retrieval of tagged web resources and to the integration of multiple information repositories based on the two vocabularies.Practical implications - The linking of controlled vocabularies can be applicable to enhance information retrieval capability within collaborative tagging systems as well as across various tagging system information depositories and bibliographic databases.Originality value - This is among frontier works that examines the potential of linking a folksonomy, extracted from a collaborative tagging system, to an authority-maintained subject heading system. It provides exploratory data to support further advanced mapping methods for linking the two vocabularies.
Journal Article
Metadata Creation Practices in Digital Repositories and Collections: Schemata, Selection Criteria, and Interoperability
This study explores the current state of metadata-creation practices across digital repositories and collections by using data collected from a nationwide survey of mostly cataloging and metadata professionals. Results show that MARC, AACR2, and LCSH are the most widely used metadata schema, content standard, and subjectcontrolled vocabulary, respectively. Dublin Core (DC) is the second most widely used metadata schema, followed by EAD, MODS, VRA, and TEI. Qualified DC’s wider use vis-à-vis Unqualified DC (40.6 percent versus 25.4 percent) is noteworthy. The leading criteria in selecting metadata and controlled-vocabulary schemata are collection-specific considerations, such as the types of resources, nature of the collection, and needs of primary users and communities. Existing technological infrastructure and staff expertise also are significant factors contributing to the current use of metadata schemata and controlled vocabularies for subject access across distributed digital repositories and collections. Metadata interoperability remains a major challenge. There is a lack of exposure of locally created metadata and metadata guidelines beyond the local environments. Homegrown locally added metadata elements may also hinder metadata interoperability across digital repositories and collections when there is a lack of sharable mechanisms for locally defined extensions and variants.
Journal Article
Managing Metadata for Philatelic Materials
Stamp collectors frequently donate their stamps to cultural heritage institutions. As digitization becomes more prevalent for other kinds of materials, it is worth exploring how cultural heritage institutions are digitizing their philatelic materials. This paper begins with a review of the literature about the purpose of metadata, current metadata standards, and metadata that are relevant to philatelists. The paper then examines the digital philatelic collections of four large cultural heritage institutions, discussing the metadata standards and elements employed by these institutions. The paper concludes with a recommendation to create international standards that describe metadata management explicitly for philatelic materials.
Journal Article