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Veracity of big data : machine learning and other approaches to verifying truthfulness
Examine the problem of maintaining the quality of big data and discover novel solutions. You will learn the four V's of big data, including veracity, and study the problem from various angles. The solutions discussed are drawn from diverse areas of engineering and math, including machine learning, statistics, formal methods, and the Blockchain technology. Veracity of Big Data serves as an introduction to machine learning algorithms and diverse techniques such as the Kalman filter, SPRT, CUSUM, fuzzy logic, and Blockchain, showing how they can be used to solve problems in the veracity domain. Using examples, the math behind the techniques is explained in easy-to-understand language. Determining the truth of big data in real-world applications involves using various tools to analyze the available information. This book delves into some of the techniques that can be used. Microblogging websites such as Twitter have played a major role in public life, including during presidential elections. The book uses examples of microblogs posted on a particular topic to demonstrate how veracity can be examined and established. Some of the techniques are described in the context of detecting veiled attacks on microblogging websites to influence public opinion. -- Back cover.
Book
Lessons Learned: What International Assessments Tell Us about Math Achievement
This book is a collection of papers on math achievement ... Topics are wide ranging. From a historical perspective, some authors examine what the international community has learned from four decades of international assessments and the differences between various international testing regimes. Others examine mathematics curricula: how the U.S. mathematics curriculum compares overseas, what have been curriculum reforms here, and how algebra is taught in the United States and abroad. Other authors examine student achievement: whether the relationship between achievement and school size holds up internationally, what is the link between technology and math achievement, and how student and classroom level factors over time relate to achievement. (DIPF/Orig.).
eBook
Database Evaluation of Shear Strength of Slender Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Members
Most of the current shear strength design provisions for reinforced concrete (RC) members with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are empirically derived or calibrated by using different data sets. Therefore, a reliable database for developing or comparing such provisions with test results is of vital importance. In this paper, a database of shear tests on FRP-RC members was collected from published test results. This data set initially included 754 tests, and after applying several control andfiltering criteria, two evaluationlevel databases for slender members were developed. Then, the databases were used to evaluate the accuracy of the shear strength provisions from six current design guidelines and two other design models. It was determined that CSA S806-12 provided more accurate predictions for members without or with FRP stirrups than other methods considered in this study, while the ACI 440, JSCE, and Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT)-based methods provided more conservative predictions, with a measuredto-predicted ratio between 1.31 and 2.60.
Journal Article
Characterizing Fit-for-Purpose Real-World Data: An Assessment of a Mother–Infant Linkage in the Japan Medical Data Center Claims Database
Observational postapproval safety studies are needed to inform medication safety during pregnancy. Real-world databases can be valuable for supporting such research, but fitness for regulatory purpose must first be vetted. Here, we demonstrate a fit-for-purpose assessment of the Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) claims database for pregnancy safety regulatory decision-making.
The Duke-Margolis framework considers a database's fitness for regulatory purpose based on relevancy (capacity to answer the research question based on variable availability and a sufficiently sized, representative population) and quality (ability to validly answer the research question based on data completeness and accuracy). To assess these considerations, we examined descriptive characteristics of infants and pregnancies among females ages 12-55 years in the JMDC between January 2005 and March 2022.
For relevancy, we determined that critical data fields (maternal medications, infant major congenital malformations, covariates) are available. Family identification codes permitted linkage of 385,295 total mother-infant pairs, 57% of which were continuously enrolled during pregnancy. The prevalence of specific congenital malformation subcategories and maternal medical conditions were representative of the general population, but preterm births were below expectations (3.6% versus 5.6%) in this population. For quality, our methods are expected to accurately identify the complete set of mothers and infants with a shared health insurance plan. However, validity of gestational age information was limited given the high proportion (60%) of missing live birth delivery codes coupled with suppression of infant birth dates and inaccessibility of disease codes with gestational week information.
The JMDC may be well suited for descriptive studies of pregnant people in Japan (eg, comorbidities, medication usage). More work is needed to identify a method to assign pregnancy onset and delivery dates so that in utero medication exposure windows can be defined more precisely as needed for many regulatory postapproval pregnancy safety studies.
Journal Article
Empirical Performance and Operational Analysis of Monolithic and Distributed Database Architectures in Kubernetes Environments
This study presents a systematic empirical evaluation of monolithic and distributed database architectures deployed in Kubernetes environments. As containerized and cloud-native infrastructures become increasingly prevalent, understanding the performance implications of running stateful data systems under orchestration platforms has become critical. We evaluate five widely used database systems—PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB, Redis, and Cassandra—using standardized workload generation frameworks, including pgbench, sysbench, YCSB, redis-benchmark, and cassandra-stress. Controlled experiments were conducted across varying concurrency levels and workload types to measure throughput, latency, and scalability in both single-node and distributed deployments. Redis achieves a maximum throughput of 4.2 million operations per second with sub-millisecond latency. In contrast, Cassandra delivers 214,743 distributed read operations per second at ONE consistency, approaching Redis’s non-pipelined baseline throughput (257,732–262,467 ops/sec) within a Kubernetes cluster. The write throughput of Cassandra decreases by 45.2% when the consistency level is elevated to QUORUM, accompanied by an elevenfold increase in run-to-run variability (CV from 7.1% to 84.7%), indicating that the consistency level is the primary performance determinant in distributed systems. PostgreSQL experiences a 72% decrease in write throughput in Kubernetes (74,072 → 20,805 TPS). In contrast, MySQL PXC anomalously attains a 37.3% increase in write throughput in Kubernetes compared to its monolithic deployment—the sole reversal noted among the five systems. These findings underscore a critical trade-off between vertical efficiency and horizontal scalability, illustrating that hybrid database architecture can be an effective solution for contemporary cloud-native applications compared to either paradigm independently.
Journal Article
Intramedullary Nail Breakage and Mechanical Displacement in Patients with Proximal Femoral Fractures: A Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Claims Database Analysis
This study evaluated the rates and patterns of intramedullary nail (IMN) breakage and mechanical displacement for proximal femur fractures and the factors associated with their occurrence.
Patients with subtrochanteric, intertrochanteric, or basicervical femoral neck fractures treated with IMN from 2016 to 2019 were identified from commercial and Medicare supplemental claims databases and were followed for up to two years. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the cumulative incidence of and patterns of breakage/mechanical displacement. Multivariable Cox regression models evaluated the factors associated with breakage/mechanical displacement.
A total of 11,128 patients had IMN fixation for subtrochanteric, intertrochanteric, or basicervical femoral neck fractures: (mean SD) age 75.6 (16.4) years, 66.2% female, 74.3% Medicare supplemental vs 26.7% commercial insurance. Comorbidities included hypertension (62.9%), osteoporosis (27.3%), cardiac arrhythmia (23.1%), diabetes (30.7%), and chronic pulmonary disease (16.3%). Most fractures were closed (97.2%), intertrochanteric or basicervical femoral neck (80.1%), and not pathological (91.0%). The cumulative incidence of nail breakage over two years was 0.66% overall, 1.44% for combination fractures, 1.16% for subtrochanteric fractures, and 0.49% for intertrochanteric or basicervical fractures. The cumulative incidence of mechanical displacement was 0.37% overall, 0.43% for subtrochanteric fractures, 0.42% for combination fractures, and 0.36% for intertrochanteric or basicervical femoral neck fractures. Half of the breakages occurred within five months after surgery and half of the mechanical displacements occurred within 75 days. Age 50-64 (vs 75+) and subtrochanteric or pathological fracture were more commonly associated with nail breakage. Complicated hypertension was more commonly associated with mechanical displacement.
The incidence of IMN breakage and mechanical displacement in US commercial and Medicare supplemental patients with proximal femur fractures from 2016 to 2019 was low (0.66% and 0.37%, respectively up to two years). Age 50-64 (vs 75+) and subtrochanteric or pathological fracture were more commonly associated with breakage. Complicated hypertension was associated with mechanical displacement.
Journal Article
Update of Early Warning Indicators of Flash Floods: A Case Study of Hunjiang District, Northeastern China
The China flash flood investigation and evaluation database (CFFIED) covers important information needed for China’s flash flood warning. This paper uses a statistical induction method, inference formula method and standardized unit hydrograph method to explore its principle, characteristics, and key steps. Then based on the field investigation and the latest data on the flash flood, the Hunjiang District in northeastern China was selected as the research area. Firstly, three typical riverside villages, Xiangmo-1 and Sanchahe-3, Shangqing-4, were screened, and the flash flood warning indicators (e.g., water level, flow rate, critical rainfall) in the CFFIED were updated. Then, the maximum error of the flood peak, estimated by the inference formula method and the water level flow relationship method, is only 10.6%, which indicates that the predicted flood peak flow has high credibility and can check and identify the early warning index; the Manning formula is more accurate in calculating the water level flow relationship. However, the calculated ratio is lower and the roughness is higher, and the flow is smaller under the same water level. Finally, the updated flash flood warning indicators were obtained in the Hunjiang District, which improves the accuracy of the flash flood warning, and provides a reference for updating the early warning indicators in other areas.
Journal Article
Design of database for evaluating 3D audio core algorithms
In this paper, we develop 3D audio evaluation database (DB) for verifying performance of new developed 3D audio core algorithms such as sound source localization, artificial reverberation, source separation, and crosstalk cancellation. Our system is designed to evaluate the 3D audio core algorithms automatically. Conventional evaluation DBs have to be executed manually for evaluating audio systems because the audio sources are not indexed in general. To solve this problem, we propose the architecture of 3D audio core algorithm evaluation database using database management system (DBMS). In the experimental section, we show feasibility of our system using real 3D sound sources for sound source separation algorithm.
Journal Article
In Search of Marine Ecosystem Services Values: The V-MESSES Database
Economic valuation of marine ecosystem services is strongly anchored within the logic of Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). An inventory and critical assessment of marine valuation studies was conducted within the European Union funded Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research for the Southern European Seas (PERSEUS) research project (
http://www.perseus-net.eu/
) and this information was fed into a suitable, spatially explicit valuation database, namely Valuation database for Marine Ecosystem Services of Southern European Seas (V-MESSES), with the objective of providing monetary values for Southern European Seas (SES) to be used in cost–benefit and cost-effectiveness applications. At present, the database contains 93 studies offering over 110 value estimates for four categories and 20 subcategories of marine ecosystem services covering all regions of Mediterranean and Black Sea. The database enables so far the estimation of the aggregated value of all ecosystem services. However, the selection of appropriate, policy relevant value estimates is not a simple and straightforward task, since several conditions should be met in order to conduct effective and efficient value transfers. Bearing in mind the above limitations, tentative reference value estimates are compiled from the V-MESSES database for a number of coastal and marine ecosystem services, although not all service categories are covered sufficiently.
Journal Article
The volume of full-text coverage of top-tier marketing journals in the ABI INFORM and Business Source Premier databases - key indicators for database licensing
Purpose - The purpose of this research is to analyze the volume of full-text coverage for 50 marketing-focused and marketing-related serial sources in the Ebsco Business Source Premier (BSP) and ProQuest ABI INFORM Global (ABI) databases, focusing on the significant differences in the full-text availability of 21 journals which are common in the two databases.Design methodology approach - The target serials were the ones rated -in response to a large scale, very well-designed and implemented research project (Hult et al.)- by more than 600 marketing specialists, working at the marketing departments of universities around the world (the Hult050 set).Findings - The test searches found that BSP had full-text coverage for 29, and ABI for 34 sources. BSP had 70,740 and ABI had 63,405 full-text items. However, the detailed analysis at the individual source level of the Hult-50 set revealed anomalies in the reported volume of full-text coverage for several top tier marketing journals in ABI, such as single year and even decade-long gaps and inflated hit counts.Originality value - The paper provides empirical evidence for anomalies, which should be considered in comparing the real volume and value of full-text availability when making licensing decisions.
Journal Article