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"Death attitudes"
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Nursing Professionals’ Attitudes, Strategies, and Care Practices Towards Death: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Purpose To explore the attitude of nursing professionals towards death. Design Systematic qualitative review methods were used. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and CUIDEN databases. This study included 17 articles. Findings Thirteen categories emerged, which were grouped into three themes: meanings and feelings during the dying process; coping strategies in the face of death; and the importance of training, experience, and providing a dignified death. In the different accounts of the participants, it was found that death had a large negative emotional impact on them, that the participants complained about the lack of previous training in the care of dying patients, and that avoiding these complex situations was one of the strategies most commonly used by professionals to face the death of a patient. Conclusions The lack of training in the basic care of terminally ill patients, as well as today’s preconceived negative idea about death, both cause health professionals to experience situations of great stress and frustration resulting, on many occasions, in resorting to avoidance of these situations, thus preventing dying with dignity. Clinical Relevance In this article, we explore the consequences of this process for nursing professionals, common coping strategies, and possible areas for improvement, such as the need for the training of nursing professionals in the care of terminally ill patients and their families.
Journal Article
Breaking free from death : the art of being a successful Russian writer
\"Breaking Free from Death examines how Russian writers respond to the burden of living with anxieties about their creative outputs, and, ultimately, about their own inevitable finitude. What contributes to creative death are not just crippling diseases that make man defenseless in the face of death, and not just the arguably universal fear of death but, equally important, the innumerable impositions on the part of various outsiders. Many conflicts in the lives of Rylkova's subjects arose not from their opposition to the existing political regimes but from their interactions with like-minded and supporting intellectuals, friends, and relatives. The book describes the lives and choices that concrete individuals and-by extrapolation-their literary characters must face in order to preserve their singularity and integrity while attempting to achieve fame, greatness, and success\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The effect of sleep quality on attitudes toward death in breast cancer survivors
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of sleep quality and attitudes toward death among breast cancer survivors and to examine the impact of sleep quality on attitudes toward death.
Methods
This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 117 patients who had been treated for breast cancer in radiation oncology. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Death Attitude Profile-Revised Scale.
Results
The mean score for sleep quality among breast cancer survivors was 15.17 ± 3.96, while the mean score for the Death Attitude Profile-Revised was 137.65 ± 30.74. Sleep quality was associated with marital status, place of residence, perception of economic status, presence of social support, time since diagnosis, body mass index, and other factors (
p
< 0.05). Attitudes toward death were associated with age, educational level, occupation, place of residence, perception of economic status, comorbidity, histopathological stage, chemotherapy status, type of breast surgery, and other factors (
p
< 0.05). Additionally, a moderately positive correlation was found between sleep quality and attitudes toward death among women undergoing breast cancer treatment (
r
= 0.368,
p
< 0.001). It was determined that patients’ sleep quality, education status, and comorbidity had a significant effect on attitudes toward death and the variables explained 29.4% of the variance (
R
2
= 0.294) (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
This study shows that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and attitudes toward death in cancer patients and that sleep quality affects attitudes toward death. In addition, when evaluating the sleep quality and attitudes toward death of women treated for breast cancer, taking into account their sociodemographic characteristics and treatment characteristics may contribute positively to the recovery process and quality of life.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
The anticipatory corpse : medicine, power, and the care of the dying
In this original and compelling book, Jeffrey P. Bishop, a philosopher, ethicist, and physician, argues that something has gone sadly amiss in the care of the dying by contemporary medicine and in our social and political views of death, as shaped by our scientific successes and ongoing debates about euthanasia and the \"right to die\"—or to live. The Anticipatory Corpse: Medicine, Power, and the Care of the Dying, informed by Foucault's genealogy of medicine and power as well as by a thorough grasp of current medical practices and medical ethics, argues that a view of people as machines in motion—people as, in effect, temporarily animated corpses with interchangeable parts—has become epistemologically normative for medicine. The dead body is subtly anticipated in our practices of exercising control over the suffering person, whether through technological mastery in the intensive care unit or through the impersonal, quasi-scientific assessments of psychological and spiritual \"medicine.\" The result is a kind of nihilistic attitude toward the dying, and troubling contradictions and absurdities in our practices. Wide-ranging in its examples, from organ donation rules in the United States, to ICU medicine, to \"spiritual surveys,\" to presidential bioethics commissions attempting to define death, and to high-profile cases such as Terri Schiavo's, The Anticipatory Corpse explores the historical, political, and philosophical underpinnings of our care of the dying and, finally, the possibilities of change. This book is a ground-breaking work in bioethics. It will provoke thought and argument for all those engaged in medicine, philosophy, theology, and health policy.
eBook
Priorities of a “good death” according to cancer patients, their family caregivers, physicians, and the general population: a nationwide survey
PurposeUnderstanding the concept of a “good death” is crucial to end-of-life care, but our current understanding of what constitutes a good death is insufficient. Here, we investigated the components of a good death that are important to the general population, cancer patients, their families, and physicians.MethodsWe conducted a stratified nationwide cross-sectional survey of cancer patients and their families from 12 hospitals, physicians from 12 hospitals and the Korean Medical Association, and the general population, investigating their attitudes toward 10 good-death components.FindingsThree components—“not be a burden to the family,” “presence of family,” and “resolve unfinished business”—were considered the most important components by more than 2/3 of each of the three groups, and an additional three components—“freedom from pain,” “feel that life was meaningful,” and “at peace with God”—were considered important by all but the physicians group. Physicians considered “feel life was meaningful,” “presence of family,” and “not be a burden to family” as the core components of a good death, with “freedom from pain” as an additional component. “Treatment choices’ followed, “finances in order,” “mentally aware,” and “die at home” were found to be the least important components among all four groups.ConclusionWhile families strongly agreed that “presence of family” and “not be a burden to family” were important to a good death, the importance of other factors differed between the groups. Health care providers should attempt to discern each patient’s view of a good death.
Journal Article
The Coexistence of Natural and Supernatural Explanations Across Cultures and Development
Although often conceptualized in contradictory terms, the common assumption that natural and supernatural explanations are incompatible is psychologically inaccurate. Instead, there is considerable evidence that the same individuals use both natural and supernatural explanations to interpret the very same events and that there are multiple ways in which both kinds of explanations coexist in individual minds. Converging developmental research from diverse cultural contexts in 3 areas of biological thought (i.e., the origin of species, illness, and death) is reviewed to support this claim. Contrary to traditional accounts of cognitive development, new evidence indicates that supernatural explanations often increase rather than decrease with age and supports the proposal that reasoning about supernatural phenomena is an integral and enduring aspect of human cognition.
Journal Article
Attitudes of Nurses in Turkey Toward Care of Dying Individual and the Associated Religious and Cultural Factors
The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses working in two university hospitals located in the west and east of Turkey toward care of dying individual as well as religious and cultural factors that influence their attitudes. The descriptive and comparative study was conducted with a total of 189 nurses who were working in adult inpatient clinics of two university hospitals in western (101 nurses) and eastern (88 nurses) Turkey between July and November 2016. The data were obtained by using the questionnaire and Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale. As a result of this study, it was determined that in terms of the status of receiving training the end-of-life care the majority of nurses received this training; however, this rate was higher (51.0%) in nurses working in the eastern hospital (p = 0.025). The nurses working in the east (51.6%) were determined to have more problems during caregiving due to their religious and cultural beliefs, the most frequent problem they experienced was \"being uncomfortable due to privacy when giving care to patients from opposite gender\" (57.1%). The emotions felt mostly by nurses during the care of dying patient were grief (nurses in the east = 48.5%, nurses in the west = 51.5%) and despair (nurses in the east = 40.4%, nurses in the west = 59.6%). Nurses working both in the east (98.27 ± 7.71) and in the west (97.19 ± 8.99) were determined to have positive attitude toward death, and there was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of the mean scores of the Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale (p = 0.373). In accordance with these results, it is recommended to focus on death issues in end-of-life care during the nursing education and to support nurses with in-service trainings regularly after the graduation.
Journal Article
Visual perceptions of a good death: A mixed-methods study on the perceptions of nursing students in Turkey toward a good death
To provide a comprehensive understanding of nursing students' perceptions of a good death.
Although the concept of a good death has been widely discussed in the literature for many years, its complex and multifaceted nature makes it difficult to define clearly. Research examining nursing students' perceptions of a good death is limited.
A convergent mixed-methods study.
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently and independently, with equal emphasis, following a mixed-methods methodology. Quantitative data were based on descriptive and correlation analyses of surveys using the Good Death Scale, the Assessment Scale of Attitudes Toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity and the Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure, while qualitative data were analyzed using Rose's critical visual methodology.
The findings indicated that the total Good Death Scale mean score was 56.18 ± 7.07. The total Good Death Scale score showed a significant positive correlation with the mortality legacy, mortality acceptance and the Assessment Scale of Attitudes Toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity score. The analysis of participants' drawings and their explanations revealed two main themes: “readiness for death” and “managing the moment of death,” along with seven sub-themes. The synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data generated one discordant, four concordant and two expanded meta-inferences about the concept of a good death.
Shaping nursing students' perceptions of a good death in a positive way underscores the importance of enhancing death awareness, providing both theoretical and practical knowledge and embracing the principles of dignified dying.
Journal Article
Embodied Terror Management: Interpersonal Touch Alleviates Existential Concerns Among Individuals With Low Self-Esteem
Individuals with low (rather than high) self-esteem often struggle with existential concerns. In the present research, we examined whether these existential concerns may be alleviated by seemingly trivial experiences of both real and simulated interpersonal touch. A brief touch on the shoulder by a female experimenter led individuals with low self-esteem to experience less death anxiety (Study 1) and more social connectedness after a death reminder (Study 2). Reminding individuals with low self-esteem of death increased their desire for touch, as indicated by higher value estimates of a teddy bear, a toy animal that simulates interpersonal touch (Study 3). Finally, holding a teddy bear (vs. a cardboard box) led individuals with low self-esteem to respond to a death reminder with less defensive ethnocentrism (Study 4). Individuals with high self-esteem were unaffected by touch (Studies 1–4). These findings highlight the existential significance of embodied touch experiences, particularly for individuals with low self-esteem.
Journal Article