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"Deception"
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Deceit on the Road to War
InDeceit on the Road to War, John M. Schuessler examines how U.S. presidents have deceived the American public about fundamental decisions of war and peace. Deception has been deliberate, he suggests, as presidents have sought to shift blame for war onto others in some cases and oversell its benefits in others. Such deceit is a natural outgrowth of the democratic process, in Schuessler's view, because elected leaders have powerful incentives to maximize domestic support for war and retain considerable ability to manipulate domestic audiences. They can exploit information and propaganda advantages to frame issues in misleading ways, cherry-pick supporting evidence, suppress damaging revelations, and otherwise skew the public debate to their benefit. These tactics are particularly effective before the outbreak of war, when the information gap between leaders and the public is greatest.When resorting to deception, leaders take a calculated risk that the outcome of war will be favorable, expecting the public to adopt a forgiving attitude after victory is secured. The three cases featured in the book-Franklin Roosevelt and World War II, Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War, and George W. Bush and the Iraq War-test these claims. Schuessler concludes that democracies are not as constrained in their ability to go to war as we might believe and that deception cannot be ruled out in all cases as contrary to the national interest.
InDeceit on the Road to War, John M. Schuessler examines how U.S. presidents have deceived the American public about fundamental decisions of war and peace. Deception has been deliberate, he suggests, as presidents have sought to shift blame for war onto others in some cases and oversell its benefits in others. Such deceit is a natural outgrowth of the democratic process, in Schuessler's view, because elected leaders have powerful incentives to maximize domestic support for war and retain considerable ability to manipulate domestic audiences. They can exploit information and propaganda advantages to frame issues in misleading ways, cherry-pick supporting evidence, suppress damaging revelations, and otherwise skew the public debate to their benefit. These tactics are particularly effective before the outbreak of war, when the information gap between leaders and the public is greatest.
When resorting to deception, leaders take a calculated risk that the outcome of war will be favorable, expecting the public to adopt a forgiving attitude after victory is secured. The three cases featured in the book-Franklin Roosevelt and World War II, Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War, and George W. Bush and the Iraq War-test these claims. Schuessler concludes that democracies are not as constrained in their ability to go to war as we might believe and that deception cannot be ruled out in all cases as contrary to the national interest.
eBook
The theory of lie: from the sophists to socrates
The last third of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century show the growth of scientific and especially, scientific-promotional papers on the problems of the particularities and forms of existence of deception and lie in European culture and social life. The concepts have emerged, proving the necessity and value of certain forms of lies for the preservation of the state, the family, and the implementation of the real practice of human communication: the existence of such activities as diplomacy, business, art and others. In some psychological and pedagogical papers define the idea of the importance of lie and deception for the development of the child’s intellectual abilities, and the success of the adult in the society. With almost unlimited amount of such literature of different theoretical levels, synthesizing the «philosophical and cultural studies of lies and deception» are much less. The papers devoted to the emergence of the first attempts of the theoretical explanation of the established practice of lying and deceiving with the help of rationally constructed theoretical constructions are not enough. This article is an attempt to fill this gap partially.
Journal Article
Useful delusions : the power and paradox of the self-deceiving brain
\"From the New York Times-bestselling author and host of NPR's Hidden Brain comes a thought-provoking exploration of deception's role in human success. Everyone agrees that lies and self-deception can do terrible harm to our lives, to our communities, and to the planet. But in Useful Delusions, host of NPR's Hidden Brain Shankar Vedantam argues that, paradoxically, deceiving ourselves and others can also play a vital role in human success and well-being. The lies we tell each other and the lies that we tell ourselves sustain our daily interactions with friends, lovers, and coworkers. They explain why some people live longer than others, why some couples remain in love and others don't, why some nations and tribes hold together while others splinter. Filled with powerful personal stories and drawing on new insights in psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy, Useful Delusions offers a fascinating tour of an upside-down world\"-- Provided by publisher.
La Polémique D'une Écriture au Féminin: La Construction de L'identité Féminine dans les Œuvres Littéraires des Écrivaines Francophones de l'Afrique Subsaharienne
Qu'est-ce qu'une ecriture feminine ? Existe-t-il une ecriture specifiquement feminine ? (l'écriture a-t-elle un sexe ?) Peut-on parler d'une ecriture africaine veritablement feminine ? Ce probleme du rapport entre les sexes et une forme particuliere d'ecriture est l'une des questions controversees ayant trait aux ecrits des femmes. De ce fait, les ecrivains et critiques ont du mal a etablir des frontieres hermetiques entre ecriture feminine et ecriture masculine. Ainsi, les efforts pour trouver aux ecrits des femmes une particularite ou des traits distinctifs se sont souvent soldes par une deception. Heureusement, depuis quelques decennies, les recherches entreprises par certaines grandes theoriciennes du courant de l'ecriture feminine ont permis de degager quelques specificites. D'ailleurs, des critiques litteraires ont prouve l'existence d'une « ecriture feminine » dans leurs ecrits, ces femmes ont montre et demontre l'existence d'une « ecriture feminine » differente de l'ecriture qui a été privilegiee au sein de la tradition occidentale. Elles rejettent l'idee de l'ecriture comme exercice purement mental. Comme on peut le remarquer, ecrire au feminin deborde largement la question du theme aborde par son auteure pour prendre en compte tout le processus d'ecriture.
Journal Article
Computer-Mediated Deception: Strategies Revealed by Language-Action Cues in Spontaneous Communication
Computer-mediated deception threatens the security of online users' private and personal information. Previous research confirms that humans are bad lie detectors, while demonstrating that certain observable linguistic features can provide crucial cues to detect deception. We designed and conducted an experiment that creates spontaneous deception scenarios in an interactive online game environment. Logistic regression, and certain classification methodologies were applied to analyzing data collected during fall 2014 through spring 2015. Our findings suggest that certain language-action cues (e.g., cognitive load, affective process, latency, and wordiness) reveal patterns of information behavior manifested by deceivers in spontaneous online communication. Moreover, computational approaches to analyzing these language-action cues can provide significant accuracy in detecting computer-mediated deception.
Journal Article
Reply all : stories
\"Reply All, the third collection of award-winning and widely anthologized short stories by Robin Hemley, takes a humorous, edgy, and frank look at the human art of deception and self-deception. A father accepts, without question, the many duplicate saint relics that appear in front of his cave everyday; a translator tricks Magellan by falsely translating a local chief's words of welcome; an apple salesman a long way from home thinks he's fallen in love; a search committee believes in its own nobility by hiring a minority writer; a cheating couple broadcast their affair to an entire listserv; a talk show host interviews the dead and hopes to learn their secrets. The ways in which humans fool themselves are infinite, and while these stories illustrate this sad fact in sometimes excruciating detail, the aim is not to skewer the misdirected, but to commiserate with them and blush in recognition.\"--P. [4] of cover.
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