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In many choice settings self-punishment affects individual taste, by inducing the decision maker (DM) to disregard some of the best options. In these circumstances the DM may not maximize her true preference, but some harmful distortion of it, in which the first i alternatives are shifted, in reverse order, to the bottom. Harmful Random Utility Models (harmful RUMs), which are RUMs whose support is limited to the harmful distortions of some preference, offer a natural representation of the consequences of self-punishment on choices. Harmful RUMs are characterized by the existence of a linear order that allows to recover choice probabilities from selections over the ground set. An algorithm detects self-punishment, and elicits the DM's unobservable tastes that explain the observed choice. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a full identification of the DM's preference and randomization over its harmful distortions are singled out. In all but two cases, there is a unique justification by self-punishment of data. Finally, a degree of self-punishment, which measures the extent of the denial of pleasure adopted by the DM in her decision, is characterized.

NRC publication: Yes

In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period.

PolarBase is an evolving database that contains all stellar data collected with the ESPaDOnS and NARVAL high-resolution spectropolarimeters, in their reduced form, as soon as they become public. As of early 2014, observations of 2000 stellar objects throughout the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are available. Intensity spectra are available for all targets, and the majority of the observations also include simultaneous spectra in circular or linear polarization, with the majority of the polarimetric measurements being performed only in circularly polarized light (Stokes V). Observations are associated with a cross-correlation pseudoline profile in all available Stokes parameters, greatly increasing the detectability of weak polarized signatures. Stokes V signatures are detected for more than 300 stars of all masses and evolutionary stages, and linear polarization is detected in 35 targets. The detection rate in Stokes V is found to be anticorrelated with the stellar effective temperature. This unique set of Zeeman detections offers the first opportunity to run homogeneous magnetometry studies throughout the H-R diagram. The Web interface of PolarBase is available at http://polarbase.irap.omp.eu.

The influence of the earth-moon-sun system on tide events has long been known. However, the impact can vary in different coast areas. The short-term (monthly and yearly) impact of maximum tides needs to be watched out for in relation to tidal flooding, especially if it is reinforced by bad weather at sea. In 2021 NASA reported the results of the Sea Level Change Science Team study that in the 2030s tidal floods will become more frequent and threatening the coasts of the United States due to the 18.6-year lunar orbit nodal cycle which amplifies the effects of global warming. Analysis of maximum tides on the north coast of Java (using data from Jakarta and Surabaya) and on the south coast of Java (using data from Cilacap) shows that on both the north and the south coast of Java, there is no indication of the nodal cycle of the 18.6 year due to lunar orbit. However, this study shows that in short-term annual and monthly cycles there is a difference in the pattern of maximum tides on the north coast and the south coast of Java. The declination of the sun when it is most northerly (the end of June) and most southerly (the end of December) affects maximum tides on the north coast of Java, as semi-annual cycle. Meanwhile on the south coast of Java, only the southernmost declination of the sun (in the end of December) has an effect on the maximum tide, as annual cycle. For monthly cycles, maximum tides on the north coast of Java are affected by the maximum declination of the moon and moon’s perigee (in Jakarta) or by the moon phases and perigee (in Surabaya). Meanwhile, on the south coast of Java it is only affected by the moon’s phases and perigee.

Among the thousands of observed fast radio bursts (FRBs), a few sources exhibit exceptionally high burst activity observable by many telescopes across a broad range of radio frequencies. Almost all of these highly active repeaters have been discovered by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment/FRB project (CHIME/FRB), due to its daily observations of the entire northern sky as a transit radio telescope. FRB 20240114A is a source discovered and reported by CHIME/FRB to the community in 2024 January; given its low declination, even the detection of a few bursts hints at a high burst rate. Following the community announcement of this source as a potentially active repeater, it was extensively followed up by other observatories and has emerged as one of the most prolific FRB repeaters ever observed. This paper presents the five bursts CHIME/FRB observed from FRB 20240114A, with channelized raw voltage data saved for two bursts. We do not observe changes in the dispersion measure of the source greater than ∼1.3 pc cm−3 in our observations over a nearly 1 yr baseline. We find a rotation measure of ∼+320 rad m−2. We do not find evidence for scattering at the level of <0.3 ms in the bursts, and we find no evidence for astrophysical scintillation. In our observations of FRB 20240114A, we see a burst rate ∼49 times higher than the median upper limit on the burst rate of apparent nonrepeaters also discovered by CHIME/FRB. With many thousands of bursts observed to date, FRB 20240114A has given the field an extraordinary opportunity to extensively study an FRB and understand its origins.

The F AST A ll S ky H i survey (FASHI) was designed to cover the entire sky observable by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), spanning approximately 22000 square degrees of declination between −14° and +66°, and in the frequency range of 1050–1450MHz, with the expectation of eventually detecting more than 100000 H i sources. Between August 2020 and June 2023, FASHI had covered more than 7600 square degrees, which is approximately 35% of the total sky observable by FAST. It has a median detection sensitivity of around 0.76 mJy beam −1 and a spectral line velocity resolution of ∼6.4km s −1 at a frequency of ∼1.4GHz. As of now, a total of 41741 extragalactic H i sources have been detected in the frequency range 1305.5–1419.5 MHz, corresponding to a redshift limit of z ≲ 0.09. By cross-matching FASHI sources with the Siena Galaxy Atlas (SGA) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) catalogs, we found that 16972 (40.7%) sources have spectroscopic redshifts and 10975 (26.3%) sources have only photometric redshifts. Most of the remaining 13794 (33.0%) H i sources are located in the direction of the Galactic plane, making their optical counterparts difficult to identify due to high extinction or high contamination of Galactic stellar sources. Based on current survey results, the FASHI survey is an unprecedented blind extragalactic H i survey. It has higher spectral and spatial resolution and broader coverage than the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA). When completed, FASHI will provide the largest extragalactic H i catalog and an objective view of H i content and large-scale structure in the local universe.

The horizontal alignment design is the result of the designer’s comprehensive consideration of smooth alignment and satisfying multiple design goals such as safety, environmental protection and economy.Through analyzing a large number of highway horizontal design cases,the statistical laws of intersection spacing, declination angle and the relationship between them are introduced. Based on this and the machine learning algorithms, a horizontal basic curve indicator recommendation model suitable for the single intersection design and the double intersection design process is built. Finally, the reliability of the model is verified and evaluated by using the calculation accuracy, test set error and average difference.

We study the non-Gaussianity and secondary Gravitational Waves (GWs) in the process of the Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) production from inflation. In our work, we focus on the α-attractor inflation model in which a tiny bump in the inflaton potential enhances the amplitude of the curvature perturbations at some scales and consequently leads to the PBHs production with different mass scales. We implement the computational code BINGO which calculates the non-Gaussianity parameter in different triangle configurations. Our examination implies that in this setup, the non-Gaussianity gets amplified significantly in the equilateral shape around the scales in which the power spectrum of the scalar perturbations undergoes a sharp declination. The imprints of these non-Gaussianities can be probed in the scales corresponding to the BBN and μ-distortion events, or in smaller scales, and detection of such signatures in the future observations may confirm the idea of our model for the generation of PBHs or rule it out. Moreover, we investigate the secondary GWs in this framework and show that in our model, the peak of the present fractional energy density is obtained as ΩGW0∼10-8 at different frequencies which depends on the model parameters. These results lie well within the sensitivity region of some GWs detectors at some frequencies, and therefore the observational compatibility of our model can be evaluated by the forthcoming data from these detectors. We further provide some estimations for the tilts of the induced GWs spectrum in the different intervals of frequency, and demonstrate that the spectrum obeys the power-law relation ΩGW0∼fn in those frequency bands.

Environmental degradation due to excessive sand mining activity and tin tailing waste disposal from mining need to be resolved. Utilization of tin tailing as sand replacement in mortar production would cut amount of waste thrown and decrease river sand consumption. The current study examines the effect of tin tailing content sand replacement on flowability and strength of mortar. Five forms of mixes were produced using different percentage of tin tailing as fine aggregate replacement. Two types of tests were conducted namely flowability test and compressive strength test. The investigation discovers that blending tin tailing affects the flowability of mortar. Utilization of up to 30% tin tailing able to produce mortar with the targeted strength. Usage of high amount of tin tailing causes declination of mortar strength. Recycling tin tailing for use in mortar production saves the use of natural sand and reduce waste disposal.