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"Decolonization Middle East."
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History without Documents
Shakry explores the idea of a \"history without documents,\" first by outlining the material inaccessibility of postcolonial state archives in the Middle East, and second by questioning the compositional logics of archival imaginaries of decolonization. She also determines the ways historians have remembered, forgotten, or appropriated the various intellectual traditions that belonged to the era of decolonization in the Middle East. By shifting people's attention away from dominant and declensionist narratives of decolonization as a state-driven and secular political process so as to include members of the intelligentsia, social scientists, and religious thinkers, who are by-passed in or excised from traditional archives, she suggests that they might better see decolonization as \"an ongoing process and series of struggles rather than a finite event, as regional as well as national, intellectual and cultural as well as political, and religious as well as secular.\"
Journal Article
The international politics of the middle east
The international politics of the Middle East fills a major gap in the field of middle eastern political studies by combining international relations theory with concrete case studies. It will be of immense benefit to students of middle eastern politics, international relations and comparative politics. The book begins with an overview of the rules and features of the middle east regional system - the arena in which the local states, including Egypt, Turkey, Israrel and Arab states od Syria, Jordan and Iraq, operate. It goes on to analyse foreign policy-making in key states, illustrating how systematic determinants contrain this policy-making, and how these contraints are dealt with in distinctive ways depending on particular domsetic features of the individual states. Finally, the book goes on to look at the outcomes of state policies by examining several major conflicts including the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Gulf War, and the system of regional alignment. The book assesses the impact of international pentrartion in the region, including the hsitorica reasons behind the formation of the regional state system. It also analyses the continued role of the external great powers, such as the United States and the former Soviet Union and explains the process by which the region has besome incorporated into the global capitalist market.
eBook
The Battle for Algeria
InThe Battle for AlgeriaJennifer Johnson reinterprets one of the most violent wars of decolonization: the Algerian War (1954-1962). Johnson argues that the conflict was about who-France or the National Liberation Front (FLN)-would exercise sovereignty of Algeria. The fight between the two sides was not simply a military affair; it also involved diverse and competing claims about who was positioned to better care for the Algerian people's health and welfare. Johnson focuses on French and Algerian efforts to engage one another off the physical battlefield and highlights the social dimensions of the FLN's winning strategy, which targeted the local and international arenas. Relying on Algerian sources, which make clear the centrality of health and humanitarianism to the nationalists' war effort, Johnson shows how the FLN leadership constructed national health care institutions that provided critical care for the population and functioned as a protostate. Moreover, Johnson demonstrates how the FLN's representatives used postwar rhetoric about rights and national self-determination to legitimize their claims, which led to international recognition of Algerian sovereignty.
By examining the local context of the war as well as its international dimensions, Johnson deprovincializes North Africa and proposes a new way to analyze how newly independent countries and nationalist movements engage with the international order. The Algerian case exposed the hypocrisy of selectively applying universal discourse and provided a blueprint for claim-making that nonstate actors and anticolonial leaders throughout the Third World emulated. Consequently,The Battle for Algeriaexplains the FLN's broad appeal and offers new directions for studying nationalism, decolonization, human rights, public health movements, and concepts of sovereignty.
eBook
Countering Coloniality in Global Health Comment on \The Rhetoric of Decolonizing Global Health Fails to Address the Reality of Settler Colonialism: Gaza as a Case in Point\
This commentary joins the chorus of rightful critiques of global health as it continues to further colonial agendas under the guise of supposed well-meaning efforts. Engebretsen and Baker rightfully call out the uptake of decolonial rhetoric in the field of global health, pointing out notable failures to actually challenge undergirding colonial structures and move beyond theory into meaningful action, using clear examples from the ongoing crisis in Gaza and global health’s ongoing response (or lack thereof). In this work I bring together essential foundations of decolonial scholarship in order to further the work Engebretsen and Baker have defined as crucial reckoning points for the field of global health. This commentary will (1) ground our conversation by defining true decolonization, (2) delineate the coloniality of knowledge and its manifestations in global health, and (3) conclude with a call to develop a decolonial praxis.
Journal Article
Beyond Feminism? Jineolojî and the Kurdish Women's Freedom Movement
Jineolojî, the women's science proposed and developed by the Kurdish Women's Freedom Movement, has become central to its transnational organizing both in the Middle East and in Europe and the Americas. Activists in the Kurdish women's movement critique positivist and androcentric forms of knowledge production as well as liberal feminism. They instead propose Jineolojî, which aims to rediscover women's histories and restore women's central place in society. Based on a series of interviews with Kurdish women involved in developing Jineolojî, this article first situates Jineolojî within wider transnational and decolonial feminist approaches and then draws out the main ideas constituting Jineolojî. We focus on the ways Jineolojî speaks to ongoing discussions within transnational feminist knowledge production. Our article critically assesses the claim of Kurdish women activists who present Jineolojî as a new science and paradigm that goes beyond feminism while developing our argument that Jineolojî represents an important continuation of critical interventions made by marginalized women activists and academics transnationally. Moreover, our article illustrates that Jineolojî provides a helpful ideological underpinning for and epistemology of Kurdish women's political struggle for gender-based equality and justice.
Journal Article
Decolonising Deliberation: Citizens’ Assemblies as a Claimed Space for Forging Bottom‐Up Democracy in Lebanon and Tunisia
Tunisia and Lebanon, two states with distinct political trajectories, face converging crises of democratic governance marked by systemic corruption, economic hardship, and public disillusionment. Tunisia’s democratic gains following the Arab Spring are now threatened by authoritarian regression, while Lebanon’s consociational power-sharing system has led to institutional paralysis. Despite these challenges, both countries retain vibrant civil societies, histories of mobilisation, and a desire for participatory governance, offering entry points for democratic innovation. This article explores the potential of citizens’ assemblies (CAs) in these contexts and their possible contribution to fostering new political imaginaries and forms of democratic participation within limited institutionalisation. While CAs have gained traction in the Global North as institutionalised deliberative processes, their application in politically fragile contexts in the Global South raises critical questions around context, adaptability, and legitimacy. Drawing on a four-year multi-sited fieldwork study and three case studies of CAs on energy justice in Lebanon and Tunisia, this article examines how CAs can be designed and implemented amid politically volatile environments and failing institutions. Ultimately, the article contributes to democratic debates on democratic innovation by highlighting the trade-offs between institutionalisation and transformative potential. It positions CAs not as universal models, but as agile democratic tools that can empower citizens and foster alternative bottom-up governance imaginaries.
Journal Article
Efficacy of octenidine- and chlorhexidine-based wash-mitts against Candida albicans and Candida auris – a comparative study
Objectives: Management of outbreaks of the newly emerging pathogen Candida auris may include use of antimicrobial wash-mitts for decolonization. In the absence of large-scale clinical trials, the immediate assessment of the efficacy claims for these products can be based on in vitro experimental data that follows the standard protocols established by CEN (European committee for Standardization). In this study, the chemical tolerance of C. auris was compared with the surrogate test organism Candida albicans as established in the European standards (EN). Methods: The study was conducted following the protocol for the quantitative suspension test EN 13624 using C. albicans ATCC 10231 in comparison to C. auris DSMZ 21092 and C. auris DSMZ 105986. Two commercially available wash-mitts containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) or octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) were used. Experiments were conducted using the impregnation liquid squeezed from the wash-mitts at different dilution concentrations between 0.5% to 97% at a contact time of 30 sec in the presence of 0.03% bovine serum. Results: Yeasticidal efficacy according to EN 13624 was found for the OCT wash-mitts at 30 sec at ≥ 10% concentration with C. albicans (≥ 4 log RF). In comparison, for both C. auris strains ≥ 4 log RF was found at a much lower concentration of ≥ 1%. For the CHG wash-mitts efficacy against C. albicans was below 2 log RF at 97% concentration within 30 sec. In contrast efficacy against the two C. auris strains was around 3 log RF. Conclusion: In conclusion, both C. auris strains were found to be significantly more susceptible when compared to C. albicans in this study. Moreover, our data also demonstrates that not all antiseptic-impregnated body wipes is equally effective against C. auris with OCT having a higher efficacy compared to CHG.
Journal Article
Confronting the Colonial Roots of Global Health Inequities in Gaza Comment on \The Rhetoric of Decolonizing Global Health Fails to Address the Reality of Settler Colonialism: Gaza as a Case in Point\
This response critically examines the editorial by Engebretsen and Baker, emphasizing the colonial underpinnings of global health as it pertains to Gaza. We argue that global health is not merely ineffective but complicit in perpetuating settler colonial structures that exacerbate health disparities. The health crisis in Gaza is intricately linked to Israeli occupation, challenging the reductionist frames of \"conflict health\" and \"refugee health\" often employed by global health institutions. The presence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Gaza exemplifies how international health efforts can depoliticize the crisis, as they often operate within constraints that do not challenge the underlying power dynamics. Our call for localization and self-determination highlights the complexities of achieving these goals in a context where the state is unrecognized. To effect meaningful change, global health must confront and dismantle the colonial structures underpinning health inequities in Gaza, moving beyond superficial humanitarian approaches to advocate for justice and autonomy.
Journal Article
Depoliticization, Colonialism, and the Imperative to Disrupt Denial; Comment on \The Rhetoric of Decolonizing Global Health Fails to Address the Reality of Settler Colonialism: Gaza as a Case in Point\
This article builds on Engebretsen and Baker's editorial to explore recent developments in medical neutrality, the depoliticization of healthcare, and political intervention in the context of the war in Gaza. We examine how international health organizations have increasingly, though insufficiently, taken a political stance, criticizing the detrimental structural forces affecting Palestinians' life and health. Concomitantly, many Israeli healthcare professionals and organizations have shifted from a declared neutral stance to endorsing the state's official narrative. Additionally, we analyze the connections between settler colonialism, Israeli and U.S. policies, medicine, and international health organizations. While the discourse of decolonization provides valuable historical context for understanding the ongoing oppression of Palestinians, it often obscures critical issues, particularly the atrocity of the October 7 attack. We conclude by discussing the shift from literal denial to interpretive and implicatory denial, emphasizing the role of international health professionals and organizations in confronting these pervasive forms of denial.
Journal Article