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"Deep space Milky Way."
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Seven wonders of the Milky Way
Blast off to the oldest star in our galaxy, zoom around planetary nebulae dubbed \"the butterflies of space,\" circle past humongous, ringed exoplanets, and close in on newly discovered orbs that just might support alien life. David Aguilar, former Director of Science Information at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and creator of Cosmic Catastrophes and Seven Wonders of the Solar System, takes us on a unique space journey through the Milky Way.
Book
Registration of gravitational waves emitted by periodic astrophysical sources: prospects for GW-astronomy and stellar navigation
All the efforts to directly detect the gravitational waves (GW), including the recent successes of the LIGO and VIRGO teams, are focused on registering the catastrophic events in deep space. The two main features of this activity are the unpredictability of these events and the extreme sensitivity of the necessary equipment. The principally new method of the GW detection is based on the effect of optic-metrical parametric resonance (OMPR) and does not require catastrophic events and supersensitive equipment. The corresponding theory shows that the periodic GW, emitted by a short-period binary star, acts on a distant astrophysical maser and produces a specific signal that can be registered by a regular radio telescope. The main feature of such signal is the periodic change of the intensity of the only one detail in a maser's spectrum. The observations of 49 such masers were performed with the RT-22 radio telescope at Pushchino Observatory of RAS. The program of signal processing included the identification of periodic components in a spectrum, the elimination of artifacts associated with the observation procedure, and the determination of the frequencies of periodic components. After that the corresponding binary stellar systems were identified. Thus, close binaries become a kind of GW-beacons in the Milky Way. This gives rise to the GW-astronomy, provides obvious applications for stellar navigation and gives a clue to the study of the geometric structure of our galaxy.
Journal Article
Interstellar Extinction
This review describes our current understanding of interstellar extinction. This differ substantially from the ideas of the 20th century. With infrared surveys of hundreds of millions of stars over the entire sky, such as 2MASS, SPITZER-IRAC, and WISE, we have looked at the densest and most rarefied regions of the interstellar medium at distances of a few kpc from the Sun. Observations at infrared and microwave wavelengths, where the bulk of the interstellar dust absorbs and radiates, have brought us closer to an understanding of the distribution of the dust particles on scales of the Galaxy and the universe. We are in the midst of a scientific revolution in our understanding of the interstellar medium and dust. Progress in, and the key results of, this revolution are still difficult to predict. Nevertheless, (a) a physically justified model has been developed for the spatial distribution of absorbing material over the nearest few kiloparsecs, including the Gould belt as a dust container, which gives an accurate estimate of the extinction for any object just by its galactic coordinates. It is also clear that (b) the interstellar medium contains roughly half the mass of matter in the galactic vicinity of the solar system (the other half is made up of stars, their remnants, and dark matter) and (c) the interstellar medium and, especially, dust, differ substantially in different regions of space and deep space cannot be understood by only studying near space.
Journal Article
Exploring Deep Space—Galaxies
Even though the solar system, from our perspective in the inner solar system \"looking outward,\" is seemingly large, it is not large from the perspective of the scale of the known universe. [...]our galaxy is not alone, as the Milky Way belongs to the Local Group (see Figure 1) of galaxies that we share with our portion of the universe, which in turn is part of a cluster of groups of galaxies, and so on. A good way to start with your students on a journey outward would be by watching some short videos that will set the stage for exploring Deep Space and give them a sense of the known and estimated size and age of the universe. Finding images There are many opportunities for students to learn more about galaxies that include requesting images from a remotely controlled telescope and examining images of our universe taken by both land- and orbital-based large aperture telescopes. Students may also make their own image requests of galaxies as well as any visible planet, our Moon, and the Sun.
Journal Article
BEAM US UP
If you imagine intelligent life exists elsewhere in the galaxy, you may be intrigued by the idea of sending a signal to faraway corners of the Milky Way that screams: \"Hello, we're here!\" James Clark, an MIT aeronautics and astronautics graduate student, says it's possible to transmit such a signal using available technologies. In a recently published \"feasibility study,\" Clark says sending a high-powered laser beam focused through a huge telescope into deep space would do the trick. The resulting infrared radiation beam would be detectable despite competition from strong infrared rays radiating from the sun.
Journal Article
Robotic Exploration of the Solar System
This is a detailed history of unmanned missions of exploration of our Solar System, one of three volumes providing comprehensive coverage of the topic with thousands of references. Coverage includes missions from the 1950s until the present day.
eBook
Scientific perspectivism
Many people assume that the claims of scientists are objective truths. But historians, sociologists, and philosophers of science have long argued that scientific claims reflect the particular historical, cultural, and social context in which those claims were made. The nature of scientific knowledge is not absolute because it is influenced by the practice and perspective of human agents. Scientific Perspectivism argues that the acts of observing and theorizing are both perspectival, and this nature makes scientific knowledge contingent, as Thomas Kuhn theorized forty years ago.
Using the example of color vision in humans to illustrate how his theory of \"perspectivism\" works, Ronald N. Giere argues that colors do not actually exist in objects; rather, color is the result of an interaction between aspects of the world and the human visual system. Giere extends this argument into a general interpretation of human perception and, more controversially, to scientific observation, conjecturing that the output of scientific instruments is perspectival. Furthermore, complex scientific principles—such as Maxwell's equations describing the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields—make no claims about the world, but models based on those principles can be used to make claims about specific aspects of the world.
Offering a solution to the most contentious debate in the philosophy of science over the past thirty years, Scientific Perspectivism will be of interest to anyone involved in the study of science.
eBook
Cosmic Rays in the Milky Way and Beyond
Cosmic rays (CRs) are the probes of the deep space. They allow us to study particle acceleration, chemical composition of the interstellar medium, and global properties of our Galaxy. However, until recently studies of CRs were similar to astronomical observations with blurred lenses that capture only the integral brightness of all stars in the field of view. Thanks to the recent technological developments, our \"lenses\" are now capable of capturing sharp images and making precise measurements of all CR species. We have a full range of unique instrumentation for direct measurements of CRs in space and for multi-wavelength observations of their emissions and more missions are coming. The unveiling picture is astonishing. This paper gives a short overview of very exciting developments in astrophysics of CRs in the Milky Way and in other star-forming galaxies.
Paper