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"Defectors"
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Determinants of Happiness among North Korean Defectors after Resettlement in South Korea
This study investigates the determinants of happiness among North Korean defectors by analyzing the subjective and objective measures of social class. Using survey data of North Korean defectors living in South Korea, this study explores how social class before and after defection is associated with defectors' happiness. Results show that subjective and objective economic status in South Korea are positively associated with happiness, whereas higher pre-defection status (especially Workers' Party membership) is negatively associated with it. Defectors who perceived themselves as lower class in North Korea tend to report greater happiness post-defection. Findings suggest that improving material conditions alone may be insufficient to enhance the well-being of North Korean defectors.
Journal Article
In order to live : a North Korean girl's journey to freedom
AUTOBIOGRAPHY: GENERAL. 'I am most grateful for two things: that I was born in North Korea, and that I escaped from North Korea.' Yeonmi Park was not dreaming of freedom when she escaped from North Korea. She didn't even know what it meant to be free. All she knew was that she was running for her life, that if she and her family stayed behind they would die - from starvation, or disease, or even execution. This book is the story of Park's struggle to survive in the darkest, most repressive country on earth; her harrowing escape through China's underworld of smugglers and human traffickers; and then her escape from China across the Gobi desert to Mongolia, with only the stars to guide her way, and from there to South Korea and at last to freedom; and finally her emergence as a leading human rights activist - all before her 21st birthday.
Book
North Korean Defectors as Cultural Other in South Korea: Perception and Construction of Cultural Differences
With around 34,000 North Korean defectors having arrived in South Korea (as of June, 2021), perceptions toward them remain ambiguous and unbalanced. The dominant discourse about North Korean defectors centers on adaptation, and cultural difference is often identified as one of the most challenging obstacles. This article examines how a specific conceptualization of culture is utilized to alienate North Korean defectors, while securing the belief in a single ethnicity of all Koreans. As a result, North Korean defectors are rendered as cultural other in South Korean society. While cultural difference is often believed to be the basis of discrimination for North Korean defectors, this article argues that social prejudice and discrimination reproduce and reinforce the discourse about cultural difference of North Korean defectors.
Journal Article
A socialist defector : from Harvard to Karl-Marx-Allee
\"Victor Grossman, a U.S. Army draftee stationed in Europe during the McCarthy Era, left his barracks in Bavaria one day in 1952, and swam across the Danube River from the Austrian U.S. Zone to the Soviet Zone. The Soviets moved him to East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic. There he remained, observer and participant, husband and father, as he watched the rise and successes, the travails, and the eventual demise of the GDR socialist experiment.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The association of education in a new society and social support from the education with the health of North Korean defectors: a cross-sectional study
Background
The number of North Korean defectors (NKDs) escaping to South Korea has increased. The health status of NKDs is an essential factor for a successful settlement into South Korean society. However, no studies have been conducted on the health status of NKDs in terms of education and social support. The aim of this study was to determine the associations of education and social support with the self-rated health status among NKDs.
Methods
This study utilized data gained from face-to-face interviews with 126 NKDs. A multivariable logistic regression and path analysis were performed to assess the effects of education in South Korea and social support on their self-rated health status and to explore the complex relationships between direct and indirect effects of the variables.
Results
NKDs who did not experience regular education in South Korea responded that they were in poor health compared to their counterpart (OR = 5.78). Although a direct association between education in South Korea and self-rated health was not shown, there was an indirect path from education in South Korea to self-rated health through social support.
Conclusions
Participation in regular education in South Korea is important for the health status of NKDs. Moreover, social support has an important role in the association between education and self-rated health. Social policies and NKD assistance programs should consider and reflect the combination of education and social support interventions relevant to the health status of NKDs.
Journal Article
The girl with seven names : escape from North Korea
In 1997 the author, aged 17, escaped North Korea for China. Her mother's first words over the telephone to her lost daughter were \"don't come back\". The reprisals for all of them would have been lethal. Twelve years later she returned to the North Korean border in a daring mission to spirit her mother and brother to South Korea in a very costly and dangerous journey. This eloquent book offers the first credible account of ordinary life in North Korea and gives an extraordinary insight into the life under one of the world's most ruthless and secretive dictatorships.
Book
Able but Unwilling to Enforce: Cooperative Dilemmas in Group Lending1
It is known that greater social cohesion increases a group’s ability to enforce cooperation. Despite this, defectors often go unpunished, and groups with social structures that are a priori favorable often fail. A critical distinction is required between the structural effect on ability versus willingness to punish. The authors develop a theoretical framework in which variation in a group’s social structure generates a tension between ability and willingness to enforce cooperation. Structures that promote ability to punish also often reduce interest in carrying out sanctions, thus changing collective outcomes. The authors’ empirical analysis involves a well-defined cooperative dilemma: group lending in Sierra Leone. They complement statistical modeling, based on a data set containing 5,487 group repayments, with ethnographic analysis. They find that (1) structural cohesion only increases economic cooperation between borrowers to a point, beyond which unwillingness outweighs increased ability to punish, reducing group repayments, and that (2) groups with disconnected subgroups perform worse on average. Although borrowers are more willing to punish defectors in the out-subgroup, they are unable to do so effectively.
Journal Article
Collusion : a novel
\"The first book in a contemporary series filled with adventure, betrayal, and politics, that captures the tensions and divides of America and the world today. Valerie Mayberry comes from the kind of wealthy family that would be royalty in any other country. Obsessive and compulsive, she's also the FBI's counter-intelligence expert on domestic terrorism. Brett Garrett is a dishonorably discharged ex-Navy SEAL coming off a secret opioid addiction. A brusque, fiercely independent operative who refuses to play by the rules, the seasoned pro is now a gun for hire, working as a security contractor in Eastern Europe. When a high ranking Kremlin official with knowledge of a plan to attack the US must be smuggled out under the nose of a kleptocratic Putin-like Russian president and a ruthless general, Mayberry and Garret are thrown together to exfiltrate him and preempt a deadly poisonous strike. As these unlikely partners work to protect their human asset, their mission is threatened by domestic politics: leftist protests, Congressional infighting, and a culture riven by hatred\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Hallyu (Korean Wave) in North Korea: The Effect of South Korean Media Exposure on the Perceptions of North Koreans
This study examines the association of exposure to South Korean media with North Koreans' attitudes on capitalism, individualism, South Korea, and their own regime (North Korean media and supreme leader). Although Hallyu (Korean Wave) content is present in North Korea, its effects remain understudied. Using survey data from 1,241 North Korean defectors (2011-2020), the study finds that exposure to South Korean media is positively associated with favorable views of capitalism, individualism, and South Korea, and with lower trust in North Korean media and leadership. Effects vary by region, underscoring the complex influence of this mediated cultural contact. By showing how media exposure shapes attitudes under conditions of severe information control, the study contributes to broader peace studies debates on communication, reconciliation, and social change.
Journal Article