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Criminal defense in China : the politics of lawyers at work
\"Illiberal political societies come with varieties of labels - absolute monarchies, military dictatorships, authoritarian or totalitarian politics, Big Man regimes, or dual states. Yet they share key features in common - little or no restraint on arbitrary executive power, most especially as it is exercised through military, police and security apparatuses; law that is distorted and circumscribed and ultimately ineffectual in its protections of individuals and organizations offensive to the ruling power; little space for voices to speak freely about their rulers, their qualities of life, or their circumstances in times and places and organizations of their own choosing; severely constricted notions of rights-bearing citizens beyond those granted or withdrawn by the rulers themselves; and precariousness of property ownership, among others\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
EVALUATION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Measuring the defense product (or national defense as a public good) is a necessary step in determining the efficient use of public funds in the defense sector. In this paper, the final product obtained by the military field is analyzed from a macroeconomic perspective. The defense sector absorbs a substantial part of the state s resources, limited resources that could have multiple alternatives uses for society (education, health, infrastructure, etc.). While defense expenditure (considered as input or consumption of resources) is known for each state, for now there is no internationally established standard indicator of the defense product (benefit) obtained. This is in contrast to how performance is evaluated in the private sector economy. In the field of defence, the solution proposed by economists for measuring \"defense output\" assumes that defense output equals \"resource inputs\" (a convention widely used in the public sector) or that the value of defense output equals be roughly equal to the expenses incurred to achieve that result. Measuring the value of production in the free market economy is not viewed as a matter of policy. Market economies solve this problem through the method of market prices, and the supply-demand mechanism, which actually reflects the options existing between a certain number of buyers and sellers. However, in the field of defense things differ from the private markets model, which leads to an understanding of the challenge in measuring and evaluating the defense product. Economic theory provides some guidelines for determining the optimal outcome of the defense product. Analyzing these aspects from the perspective of an optimization problem, it is necessary to identify the socially desired level of defense, and to track the resulting (achieved) level of defense. This is done by equating the additional or marginal costs of the proposed defense spending with the additional or marginal benefits obtained. Although the economic approach is difficult to translate into a set of clear policy guidelines, it nevertheless provides a framework for designing defense performance assessment.
Journal Article
Multicultural jurisprudence
This book of essays celebrates Mark Aronson's contribution to administrative law. As joint author of the leading Australian text on judicial review of administrative action, Aronson's work is well-known to public lawyers throughout the common law world and this is reflected in the list of contributors from the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK. The introduction comes from Justice Michael Kirby of the High Court of Australia. The essays reflect Aronson's interests in judicial review, non-judicial grievance mechanisms, problems of proof and evidence, and the boundaries of public and private law. Amongst the contributors, Peter Cane, Elizabeth Fisher, and Linda Pearson write on administrative adjudication and decision-making, Anita Stuhmcke writes on Ombudsmen, and Robin Creyke and John McMillan, the Commonwealth Ombudsman, write on charters, codes and 'soft law'.
eBook
Blinken welcomes Sweden into NATO
Secretary of State Antony Blinken joined Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson in D.C. on March 7 to mark Sweden’s joining of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
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