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The Malaysia’s cultural heritage is authentic, unique and colourful with various local cuisines of different races and cultures. It is mainly originated from the Malay culture being the largest ethnic group in the country. The Malays themselves have contributed to many local cuisines ranging from appetiser, soup, main course and dessert. However, some Malay heritage foods have almost been forgotten and jeopardized in quality. This is especially happening to the Malay sweets or desserts which have gradually become less appealing to the younger generations. They are not even familiar with Malay foods, let alone consuming them. Among the popular Malay heritage foods in Malaysia are lemang, ketupat, rendang, wajik and dodol. Dodol specifically has been listed as one of the endangered heritage foods in Malaysia. Preserving the Malay cuisines is part of sustaining the Malay culture and this should begin with a great amount of knowledge and understanding about any elements within the culture itself. This article highlights a nostalgic and evergreen Malay’s traditional sweet, known by the locals as dodol by discussing its history, different types and names of dodol, as well as the recipes, preparation, cooking methods and packaging. Furthermore, this article hopes to aid the readers, especially among the younger generations in the Malay community to have greater understanding and appreciation about their own beautiful culture. KCI Citation Count: 1

Explicit generalisations are statements that attribute a characteristic to all members of a social category (e.g. drug users). This article examines the tensions and negotiations that the use of generalisations prompts within support group interactions. Generalisations are practices for the cautious implementation of delicate actions. They can be used to convey perspectives on group members’ experiences by implication (without commenting on them directly), by virtue of those members belonging to the category to which a generalisation applies. At the same time, generalisations can misrepresent some individual cases within that category. Using conversation analysis, the article investigates how generalisations are deployed, challenged, and then defended in support group interactions. These analyses identify a tension between utilising the sense-making resources that category memberships afford, and the protection of its members from unwelcome generalisations. Data consist of recorded support-group meetings for people recovering from drug addiction (in Italy) and for bereaved people (in the UK). (Bereavement, conversation analysis, delicacy, drug addiction, generalisation, individuality, membership categorisation, morality, support groups)*

Background The cost accounting of medical service projects forms the basis for disease cost accounting and DRG (Diagnosis-Related Groups) cost accounting. Among the various costs involved, human resources represent a significant portion and are highly complex, making their accurate accounting a critical and challenging aspect of cost accounting for medical service projects. Methods This paper introduces the itemized point cost (IPC) method, a novel cost accounting approach based on the RBRVS (Resource-Based Relative Value Scale) theory. It outlines the core concepts of “points” and “process steps” within the IPC framework and details its application in human cost accounting. An example of impacted tooth extraction in the stomatology department of Hospital A is used to illustrate the IPC method's implementation process. Findings A comparative analysis with activity-based costing and time-estimation costing methods shows that the IPC method is concise, practical, and operable. It is also aligned with the principles of cost-effectiveness. Conclusions The paper proposes strategies to promote the IPC method, including leveraging information technology, enhancing top-level design, and standardizing processes, to improve its adoption and effectiveness in medical cost accounting.

While doing fieldwork in the modernizing Javanese city of Solo during the late 1980s, Suzanne Brenner came upon a neighborhood that seemed like a museum of a bygone era: Laweyan, a once-thriving production center of batik textiles, had embraced modernity under Dutch colonial rule, only to fend off the modernizing forces of the Indonesian state during the late twentieth century. Focusing on this community, Brenner examines what she calls the making of the \"unmodern.\" She portrays a merchant enclave clinging to its distinctive forms of social life and highlights the unique power of women in the marketplace and the home--two domains closely linked to each other through local economies of production and exchange. Against the social, political, and economic developments of late-colonial and postcolonial Java, Brenner describes how an innovative, commercially successful lifestyle became an anachronism in Indonesian society, thereby challenging the idea that tradition invariably gives way to modernity in an evolutionary progression. Brenner's analysis centers on the importance of gender to processes of social transformation. In Laweyan, the base of economic and social power has shifted from families, in which women were the main producers of wealth and cultural value, to the Indonesian state, which has worked to reorient families toward national political agendas. How such attempts affect women's lives and the meaning of the family itself are key considerations as Brenner questions long-held assumptions about the division between \"domestic\" and \"public\" spheres in modern society.

Every culture protects its indigenous knowledge and practices, distinguishing them from other cultures. A qualitative inquiry described the traditional processing methods in preparing smoked meat or kinuday, produced by the Ibaloy Indigenous Ethnic group in the Philippines. The saturation method was used to determine data sufficiency. Fifteen participants from the two Ibaloy-speaking municipalities of Benguet, Philippines served as the key informants for the study. Results show that Benguet native pork and rock salt are the usual raw materials for kinuday. Additionally, branches and trunks from locally available trees are utilized as smoking materials. Traditionally, meat is smoked on top of the cooking area called so-olan for one day, continuous to one month intermittent until fully consumed. Kinuday is attributed to the festivities performed by the Ibaloy IP group and the availability of the elements in producing the traditional food is the primary factor for continuing the practice. To ensure preservation and cultural transmission of traditional kinuday preparation practices, it is recommended that a formal documentary be developed and disseminated to various stakeholders. KCI Citation Count: 0

Eighteenth-century France witnessed an unprecedented proliferation of materially unstable art, from oil paintings that cracked within years of their creation to enormous pastel portraits vulnerable to the slightest touch or vibration. In A Delicate Matter , Oliver Wunsch traces these artistic practices to the economic and social conditions that enabled them: an ascendant class of art collectors who embraced fragile objects as a means of showcasing their disposable wealth. While studies of Rococo art have traditionally focused on style and subject matter, this book reveals how the physical construction of paintings and sculptures was central to the period's reconceptualization of art. Drawing on sources ranging from eighteenth-century artists' writings to twenty-first-century laboratory analyses, Wunsch demonstrates how the technical practices of eighteenth-century painters and sculptors provoked a broad transformation in the relationship between art, time, and money. Delicacy, which began the eighteenth century as a commodified extension of courtly sociability, was by century's end reimagined as the irreducible essence of art's autonomous value. Innovative and original, A Delicate Matter is an important intervention in the growing body of scholarship on durability and conservation in eighteenth-century French art. It challenges the art historical tendency to see decay as little more than an impediment to research, instead showing how physical instability played a critical role in establishing art's meaning and purpose.

Parking duration analysis is an important aspect of evaluating parking demand. Identifying accurate distribution characteristics of parking duration can not only enhance parking efficiency and parking facility planning, but also provide essential support for parking delicacy management. Previous studies have proposed various statistical distributions to depict parking duration data. However, it is difficult to find a certain type of distribution to describe the characteristics of parking duration in diverse parking facilities, since model uncertainty is caused by stochastic parking behaviors and diverse parking environments. To address the model uncertainty, a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was applied to integrate the advantages of different statistical distributions to depict parking duration characteristics. The parking dataset was collected from a commercial parking lot in Chengdu, China, and the dataset was categorized into two groups (i.e., temporary users and long-term users) to analyze. A set of statistical distributions was chosen as candidate models, and their corresponding unknown parameters were estimated. The posterior model probability for each candidate model was calculated according to the goodness-of-fit (GOF) metric. The findings of the study illustrate that there is no universally applicable distribution form (e.g., log-normal distribution) to depict the parking duration distribution for both user types, whereas the BMA approach assigns weights to candidate models and always provides an accurate description of the parking duration characteristics. The parking duration analysis is useful for improving parking management strategies and optimizing parking pricing policies.

The practice of making and eating fertilized duck eggs is a widely known practice in Asia. In the Philippines, “balut” is a popularly known Filipino delicacy which is made by incubating duck eggs for about 18 days. However, criticisms against its authenticity and the unstable demand for balut in the market pose challenges to the development of the Philippine balut industry. Consequently, this research aims to trace the history of balut production and consumption in the Philippines by specifically looking into the following. First, it explores the factors that contribute to the discovery and patronage of balut. Second, it identifies the localities that popularized the balut industry. Third, this includes the key industries that started the large scale production of balut. Fourth, it discusses the local ways of balut-making practices in the country. Lastly, it also provides an account of the ways of balut consumption. Through content analysis of secondary data, this research argues that balut remains an authentic Filipino food despite shared patronage in several Asian countries through the localized meanings associated with its consumption, preparation, and distribution.

David Hume's paper \"Of the Standard of Taste,\" represents an important step in clarifying the twilight aesthetics of the eighteenth-century philosophy from the perspective of taste, and it also literally physical taste. It is closely related. Starting from the analogy between taste and critical taste, Hume likes to judge art. He proposes a contradictory subjectivist argument (taste is individual, varies from person to person) and common sense (the test of time shows that art. The product is better than other works of art). However, a careful reading of the text reveals a way to attract art criticism as an important part of a more solid taste standard for inspiring philosophy. Hume emphasized that the necessary \"exquisiteness\" would complicate the situation, because it is not clear what the exquisiteness is, but carefully examine how Hume's \"practice\" is used to construct exquisite standards, and may lack \"prejudice\" to challenge us to solve contemporary art problems.