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result(s) for
"Democracy Bahrain"
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Does democracy improve environmental quality of GCC region? Analysis robust to cross-section dependence and slope heterogeneity
Since the developed world’s economic prosperity has been heavily reliant on excessive fossil-based energy consumption, it has posed severe environmental quality challenges. This research attempts to revisit the relationship between income and anthropogenic emissions in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory by considering electric power consumption, urbanization, and democratic accountability index in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. It employs annual frequency panel data from 1990 through 2019 and three alternative advanced econometric estimation techniques. The main findings are as follows:
Firstly
, the EKC results for the whole sample strongly support the proposition of an inverse U-shaped connection between anthropogenic emissions and affluence in the long run.
Secondly
, the country-specific results confirm EKC only in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, while the remaining countries demonstrate a U-shaped connection.
Thirdly
, the democratic accountability promoted anthropogenic emissions implying that it failed to contribute to environmental protection. It means that democratic setup in the GCC region performs poorly in accomplishing climate change mitigation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Fourthly
, electric power consumption and urbanization impart positive and negative impacts on anthropogenic emission, respectively. These findings are found robust across the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), bias-corrected LSDV (least squares dummy variable) (LSDV), and pooled mean group (PMG) estimators.
Finally
, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality shows that (i) income and urbanization establish a two-way causality with the anthropogenic emissions. (ii) However, a unidirectional causal connection is revealed from electric power consumption and democratic accountability index to anthropogenic emissions. The findings suggest that the GCC region should prioritize environmental protection and SDGs across the political aims’ recipe since it would direct the region on the path of climate change mitigation.
Journal Article
THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY
[...] ethnoreligious differences within the armed forces may mean much in one country and little or nothing in another. [...] these factors may be reinforced or weakened by circumstances that have a bearing on revolutionary outcomes in some contexts but not in others. [...] I expect the nexus between the governments of Bahrain and Syria and their armed forces to become even closer, because events in those two countries have reminded the political elites there of just how much they rely on the loyalty of their troops.
Journal Article
e-Voting: An Investigation of Factors that Affect Public Trust in Kingdom of Bahrain
One of the major fields that have applied ICT in the 21st century government is e-voting. Around the world, e-voting is taking place and is seen as highly important in many countries. However, in many countries, including the Kingdom of Bahrain, public trust toward voting using ICT tools is still a big challenge. This research aims to investigate the factors that affect public trust toward using e-voting system in Bahrain. A model of trust and risk was used from previous studies and several hypotheses were tested. A questionnaire was employed and 453 responses from citizens were collected in Bahrain. The findings revealed that there are significant factors that the governments should focus on to enhance public trust in the context of e-voting, which are: trust in e-voting; trust of government; perceived risk; disposition to trust and intention to use. The research strength of this study resides in its insights on the factors to be considered by the government to overcome the mistrust of using e-voting in Bahrain. The originality of this research resides on the application of a trust model that was applied in other countries in a new context.
Journal Article
Rights abuses linked to Irish surgical college in Bahrain
The Ceartas report--Human Rights Law and the Accreditation of RCSI-Bahrain--said that if the Medical Council went ahead with the visit, the first since civil unrest broke out, then it should investigate allegations of torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Since pro-democracy protests erupted in Bahrain in early 2011, members of the Shia majority have clashed with government troops of the minority Sunni-led regime in practically weekly protests in the suburbs of the capital Manama.
Journal Article
Al-Wefaq and the February 14 uprising: Islam, nationalism and democracy - the Shici-Bahraini discourse
Al-Wefaq's complex nature led to ambiguity over the relationship between religion and politics and over the balance between Islamic ecumenism and sectarianism. While the Shi
c
i uprising presented a national and democratic agenda, questions remain over the party's full commitment to democracy and its loyalty to the national framework in the current regional turmoil with the empowerment of Shi
c
is and disintegration of nation-states. There could be a discrepancy between the declared aims of an oppositional movement and its actions once it assumes power. The problematic legacy of minority-majority relations in Bahrain, the country's political culture and the difficult example of post-2003 Iraq, are further barriers to advancing full democracy. If the Shi
c
i majority gains power the party may become less democratic and more sectarian. Yet, it will also have much to lose given Bahrain's strategic alliance with the US and its position as a financial services hub in the region.
Journal Article
Political public space: what it is, why it is special and why standard spatial nostrums mislead
In the wake of the Arab Spring and the Occupy Movement, questions of political use of public space are back on the policy agenda in many countries. But as Western governments celebrated the occupation of Tahrir Square in Cairo, Egypt and Pearl Roundabout in Bahrain, they did so from sites that are themselves increasingly barricaded against their own publics. So far, so familiar: numerous scholars of public space have made similar points, as have colleagues looking at social movements and democracy more broadly. My contention is less familiar: that a great deal of urban scholarship unwittingly plays into the hands of the barricade builders. It does so by stating with a very specific definition of public space, developed in particular contexts for particular purposes, and applying it more generally to contexts in which its descriptive power is limited and its normative force questionable. To make this admittedly confronting assertion, I need to make two broad points. The first is about the contrast between an essentially sociological understanding of public space, and a more political philosophical one. The second sub-point is that while such sites gain symbolic meaning and normative value in large part through the use that is made of them (Rapaport, 1982), it is not just the work of public claim making that is relevant. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
Embracing Crisis in the Gulf
All claims to the contrary, the Persian Gulf monarchies have been deeply affected by the Arab revolutionary ferment of 2011-2012. Bahrain may be the only country to experience its own sustained upheaval, but the impact has also been felt elsewhere. Demands for a more participatory politics are on the rise, as are calls for the protection of rights and formations of various types of civic and political organization. Although these demands are not new, they are louder than before, including where the price of dissent is highest in Saudi Arabia, Oman and even the usually hushed United Arab Emirates. They resilience of a broad range of activists in denouncing autocracy and discomfiting autocrats is inspirational. As yet, there are no cracks in the foundation of Gulf order, but the edifice no longer appears adamantine. This state of affairs poses a historic challenge to the order's number-one guarantor, the United States. The task is not, as some might think, to reconcile the Obama administration's professed affinity for Arab democracy with the fact of its firm alliance with the states that the activists are working to open up. It is to aid those states in managing their domestic crisis so that the regional order can remain intact. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
The Arab Spring: Its Geostrategic Significance
The democratic uprisings and consequent turmoil in the Arab world during the last 18 months have had significant impact on the geostrategic situation in the Middle East as well as on the policies of major regional and global powers. As the upheavals continue to unfold, especially in strategically important countries such as Syria and Bahrain, they will continue to have a major impact on intraregional politics as well as great-power interests. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article