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Stroke is a major public health concern with significant socio-economic implications. Understanding the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of stroke patients is essential for effective prevention, management, and planning of healthcare services. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients admitted to the tertiary hospital. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical factors, risk factors, and stroke characteristics were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. A total of 200 participants were taken in this study. Majority of the respondents were females (54.0%), and significant proportion were above 60 years of age (57.0%). Hypertension (94.0%), diabetes (70.5%), and dyslipidemia (53.5%) were prevalent among the patients. The most common type of stroke observed was hemorrhagic (37.0%). Headaches (71.5%), vomiting (66.5%), and convulsions (61.0%) were reported during stroke episodes. The study also highlighted the high prevalence of speech involvement (59.5%) and right-side paralysis (36.0%) among the patients. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to manage risk factors and improve stroke care. Significant factors of stroke were Diabetes and Dyslipidemia. This study provides valuable insights into the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. The findings underscore the importance of stroke prevention strategies, including effective management of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The results also highlight the need for comprehensive stroke care services, including rehabilitation, to address the functional impairments associated with stroke.

Background and objectives: Medical malpractice is a phenomenon that shadows current medical practice, the number of complaints following an upward trend worldwide. The background for complaints is related both to the doctor and medical practice in general, as well as to the patient. The aim of this study was to identify a profile of the Romanian doctors who are more prone to receiving complaints, by analyzing the socio-demographic, professional and institutional characteristics. Materials and Methods: We conducted a quantitative, prospective research, the data being collected using a newly developed questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 24). We used counts, percentages, means and standard deviation, and comparative and correlational analyses. A logistic regression model was applied to select a statistically best-fit model to identify independent predictors for receiving complaints; a Hosmer–Lemeshow test was used to check the performance of the prediction model. Results: The study group consisted of 1684 doctors, of which 16.1% had been involved in a malpractice complaint. Results showed that men, senior doctors from surgical specialties who perform a greater number of on-call shifts, those who work in regional or county hospitals, those who have greater fear of receiving complaints and those whose life partner is a doctor with the same specialty are more prone to receiving complaints. Conclusions: The profile identified by the present research underlines the main characteristics that could be targeted with specific measures in order to prevent the ongoing increase of malpractice complaints in Romania.

We estimate individual risk attitudes using controlled experiments in the field in Denmark. The experiments were carried out across Denmark using a representative sample of 253 people between 19 and 75 years of age. Risk attitudes are estimated for various individuals differentiated by socio-demographic characteristics. Our results indicate that the average Dane is risk averse, and that risk neutrality is an inappropriate assumption to apply. We also find that risk attitudes vary significantly with respect to several important socio-demographic variables such as age and education. However, we do not find any effect of sex on risk attitudes.

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the requirements demanded of accounting practitioners by the market in the second half of the 19th century in the state of Pará. Standing out from the existing literature, this study broadens the understanding of the history of the accounting profession as an occupation, through the use of concepts derived from the sociological theory of professions. The relevance of the topic chosen lies in understanding the impact of the requirements demanded of accounting practitioners on the professionalization process and on the modeling of the limits of the occupational structure. The evidence provides the possibility of strengthening the research in the area of accounting history by demonstrating the difficulty of defining what an “accounting practitioner” was, since the expression covered an infinity of employment situations, the performance of various tasks, and included specialized sub-occupations. The study involves archival research, based on job advertisements published in newspapers that circulated in Pará in the period from 1859 to 1888, available from the National Library of Brazil. The requirements analyzed were demographic characteristics (sex, age, nationality, and marital status) and competences. The findings were compared with those of similar studies, as well as with studies that analyze a contemporary period. The results of this research indicate that the market required accounting practitioners to be male, between 12 and 16 years old, with good conduct confirmed by a reference provider, and practical knowledge that was not always restricted to the accounting universe. The findings demonstrate that there was no objective definition of the limits of the identity of the occupation and, in essence, the requirements demanded of accounting practitioners in the second half of the 19th century persist over time. The contribution of this research consists of broadening and deepening the historical understanding of the nature of the accounting occupation in Pará, an area of less commercial prominence during the second half of the 19th century. RESUMO A pesquisa objetiva identificar os requisitos exigidos pelo mercado aos praticantes da contabilidade na segunda metade do século XIX no estado do Pará. Diferenciando-se da literatura existente, esta pesquisa amplia a compreensão da história da profissão contabilística enquanto ocupação, por meio do uso de conceitos advindos da teoria sociológica das profissões. A relevância do tema escolhido recai sobre a compreensão do impacto dos requisitos exigidos ao praticante da contabilidade no processo de profissionalização e na modelagem dos limites da estrutura ocupacional. As evidências proporcionam a possibilidade de fortalecimento das pesquisas da área da história da contabilidade ao demonstrar a dificuldade de definição do que era um “praticante da contabilidade”, uma vez que a expressão abrangia uma infinidade de situações de emprego, o desempenho de diversas tarefas e incluía subocupações especializadas. Trata-se de pesquisa de arquivo, baseada em anúncios de emprego publicados em jornais que circulavam no Pará, no período de 1859 a 1888, disponíveis na Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil. Os requisitos analisados foram características demográficas (sexo, idade, nacionalidade e estado civil) e competências. Os achados foram comparados com os de pesquisas similares, bem como com obras de recorte temporal hodierno. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que o mercado exigia que os praticantes contábeis fossem do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 12 a 16 anos, com boa conduta atestada por fiador e conhecimento prático que nem sempre era restrito ao universo contábil. Os achados demonstram que não havia definição objetiva dos limites da identidade da ocupação e, em essência, os requisitos exigidos dos praticantes da contabilidade na segunda metade do século XIX persistem temporalmente. A contribuição desta pesquisa consiste em ampliar e aprofundar a compreensão histórica sobre a natureza da ocupação contábil no Pará, espaço de menor proeminência mercantil durante a segunda metade do século XIX.

Background Mortality rates of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. The impact of several risk factors on coronavirus mortality has been previously reported in several meta‐analyses limited by small sample sizes. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize available findings on the association between comorbidities, complications, smoking status, obesity, gender, age and D-dimer, and risk of mortality from COVID-19 using a large dataset from a number of studies. Method Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences (WOS), EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, COVID-19 Research Database, and Scopus, were systematically searched till 31 August 2020. We included all human studies regardless of language, publication date or region. Forty-two studies with a total of 423,117 patients met the inclusion criteria. To pool the estimate, a mixed-effect model was used. Moreover, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were evaluated. Results The findings of the included studies were consistent in stating the contribution of comorbidities, gender, age, smoking status, obesity, acute kidney injury, and D-dimer as a risk factor to increase the requirement for advanced medical care. The analysis results showed that the pooled prevalence of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 17.62% (95% CI 14.26–21.57%, 42 studies and 423,117 patients). Older age has shown increased risk of mortality due to coronavirus and the pooled odds ratio (pOR) and hazard ratio (pHR) were 2.61 (95% CI 1.75–3.47) and 1.31 (95% CI 1.11–1.51), respectively. A significant association were found between COVID-19 mortality and male (pOR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.41–1.51; pHR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.41), and current smoker (pOR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.01–1.83). Furthermore, risk of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is highly influenced by patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, obese, cancer, acute kidney injury and increase D-dimer. Conclusion Chronic comorbidities, complications, and demographic variables including acute kidney injury, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, cancer, increased D-dimer, male gender, older age, current smoker, and obesity are clinical risk factors for a fatal outcome associated with coronavirus. The findings could be used for disease’s future research, control and prevention.

Several studies have attempted to define the overall health condition of the third age as the basis of the successful aging concept. In this paper, we aimed to explore the significance of psychophysical health with the elderly and identify the dimensions of psychophysical health that could impact the level of integrity during this stage of life. The respondents involved in this research were elderly persons (N = 101), with an average age of 71.7. Most respondents live in urban areas (76.2%) and have only completed primary education (51.6%). The research utilized the following instruments: a questionnaire to evaluate socio-demographic characteristics (developed specifically for the study), the RAND-36 Health Survey (Hays Shapiro, 1992; Stewart et al., 1992), and the Scale of Integrity (SI) (Lacković-Grgin et al., 2006). Significant differences in physical and psychosocial health, as well as in the level of integrity among the elderly, were identified based on the analyzed socio-demographic variables, such as place of residence and educational attainment. All dimensions of physical and psychosocial health were found to be significantly correlated with the level of integrity, with emotional well-being emerging as the sole significant predictor of integrity. The findings of this research may serve as valuable information, primarily for professionals but also for family members, indicating which aspects of psychosocial and physical health should receive particular attention in order to ensure that the elderly are provided with appropriate forms of assistance in their daily activities.

Prior research has examined value antecedents to sustainable consumption, including religious or cultural values. We bridge together these usually separated bodies of literature to provide an ethically-based examination of both religious and cultural values in one model to understand what drives sustainable consumption as well as outcomes on consumer well-being. In doing so, we also fulfill calls for more research on socio-demographic antecedents to ethical consumption, particularly in the domain of sustainable consumption. We examine this relationship using data from the religiously and culturally diverse country of Singapore (n = 1503), collected from a door-to-door, representative sample utilizing numerous quality control techniques. Our path analysis and logical follow-up tests reveal that both religious and cultural values influence sustainable consumption, and then sustainable consumption positively influences consumer well-being. Implications are provided for consumer ethics, business' ethical practices, and belief congruence theory.

Background Understanding non-epidemiological factors is essential for the surveillance and prevention of infectious diseases, and the factors are likely to vary spatially and temporally as the disease progresses. However, the impacts of these influencing factors were primarily assumed to be stationary over time and space in the existing literature. The spatiotemporal impacts of mobility-related and social-demographic factors on disease dynamics remain to be explored. Methods Taking daily cases data during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the US as a case study, we develop a mobility-augmented geographically and temporally weighted regression (M-GTWR) model to quantify the spatiotemporal impacts of social-demographic factors and human activities on the COVID-19 dynamics. Different from the base GTWR model, the proposed M-GTWR model incorporates a mobility-adjusted distance weight matrix where travel mobility is used in addition to the spatial adjacency to capture the correlations among local observations. Results The results reveal that the impacts of social-demographic and human activity variables present significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In particular, a 1% increase in population density may lead to 0.63% more daily cases, and a 1% increase in the mean commuting time may result in 0.22% increases in daily cases. Although increased human activities will, in general, intensify the disease outbreak, we report that the effects of grocery and pharmacy-related activities are insignificant in areas with high population density. And activities at the workplace and public transit are found to either increase or decrease the number of cases, depending on particular locations. Conclusions Through a mobility-augmented spatiotemporal modeling approach, we could quantify the time and space varying impacts of non-epidemiological factors on COVID-19 cases. The results suggest that the effects of population density, socio-demographic attributes, and travel-related attributes will differ significantly depending on the time of the pandemic and the underlying location. Moreover, policy restrictions on human contact are not universally effective in preventing the spread of diseases.

This article summarizes the results of an exploratory research project that investigated what demographic trends and changes have, or have not, occurred in the elementary and secondary teaching force in the U.S. over the past three decades, from 1987 to 2018. Our main data source was the Schools and Staffing Survey and its successor, the National Teacher Principal Survey, collectively the largest and most comprehensive source of data on teachers available in the U.S. These surveys are conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the statistical arm of the U.S. Department of Education. The results show that the teaching force has been, and is, greatly changing; yet, even the most dramatic trends appear to have been little noticed or understood by researchers, policy makers, and the public. This article summarizes seven of the most prominent trends and changes that we found. The U.S. teaching force is: larger; older; less experienced; more female; more diverse, by race/ethnicity; consistent in academic ability; unstable. For each of the trends, we explore two broad questions: 1. What are the reasons for and sources of the trend? 2. What are the implications and consequences of the trend?

(1) Background: Given the increased social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges faced by informal dementia caregivers have increased. An increasing use of technology, both in care and dementia clinical trials, depends upon caregivers’ abilities as a user. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to verify the current technology (smartphone and computer) use and acceptance in care, regarding socio-demographic variables; (2) Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 102 dementia caregivers, mostly of patients with moderate dementia; (3) Results: The majority of participants were women (63%), and large number of them used technological devices such as a smartphone (91%) or computer (81%). Results revealed differences between age, gender, and education level on technology acceptance. Interestingly, smartphone use and acceptance seemed to be feasible, regardless of age, whereas computer use was negatively correlated with age. Technology was perceived by respondents as most useful for patients’ activities including locomotion, toileting, and meals; (4) Conclusions: The future of technology use in dementia care should indicate solutions tailored to individual characteristics such as new technology solutions (GPS trackers, smartphone apps, dietary intervention, and meal planning apps).