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"Depression in children."
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Parental pathological narcissism and child depression: the indirect effects of child attachment and perspective taking
Parental factors, including pathological narcissism, a maladaptive form of personality style which is characterized by pronounced interpersonal problems, may confer vulnerability to children’s experiences of depression. However, the mechanisms underlying this risk remain largely unexplored. Our longitudinal study assessed whether parent pathological narcissism is associated with childhood depression 1 year later and whether this association is influenced by child attachment and perspective taking. In 59 parent-child dyads, parents reported levels of pathological narcissism, and children reported their levels of depression, attachment and social perspective taking at baseline and 1 year later. Parent pathological narcissism was positively associated with later child depression, anxious and avoidant attachment, and perspective taking. Additionally, parental pathological narcissism had a direct effect on later child depression and an indirect effect through child anxious attachment while controlling for earlier child depression. The association between parent pathological narcissism, and child depression appears to operate through children’s anxious attachment, highlighting a potential mechanism of intergenerational transmission of psychological risk.
Journal Article
Depression and your child : a guide for parents and caregivers
Provides a uniquely textured understanding of pediatric depression and its treatments. Serani weaves her own personal experiences of being a depressed child along with her clinical experiences as a psychologist treating depressed children. Readers will find a wealth of specific tips, recommendations, and case examples sure to make parenting a depressed child less challenging.
Book
Evidence-based CBT for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents
Evidence-Based CBT for Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents
\"This should be on the bookshelf of everyone treating anxious and depressed children and adolescents. A cornucopia of theory and clinical good sense alike. I will be making sure that my trainees read it cover to cover.\"
Dr Samantha Cartwright-Hatton, Senior Clinical Research Fellow in Psychology, University of Sussex
This is the first book to offer an explicitly competencies-based approach to the cognitive behavioral treatment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Within it, an outstanding and influential set of experts in the field describe a comprehensive model of therapist competencies required for empirically supported cognitive behavioral treatment. They explore each of these competencies in great detail, and highlight effective ways of training them. As a result, the book not only supports the training, development, and assessment of competent clinicians who are implementing CBT, it is also invaluable for clinicians who wish to gain an understanding of the competencies they need to acquire or improve, and offers guidelines for how to achieve these, providing a benchmark against which they can assess themselves. Evidence-Based CBT for Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents works to improve the quality of therapists working in this area, and, as a result, the quality of treatment that many young people receive.
eBook
Meta-analysis of the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents
Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for physical and mental development; thus, they are high-risk periods for the occurrence of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE and other databases to identify studies related to bullying behavior and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. A total of 31 studies were included, with a total sample size of 133,688 people. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the risk of depression in children and adolescents who were bullied was 2.77 times higher than that of those who were not bullied; the risk of depression in bullying individuals was 1.73 times higher than that in nonbullying individuals; and the risk of depression in individuals who bullied and experienced bullying was 3.19 times higher than that in nonbullying-bullied individuals. This study confirmed that depression in children and adolescents was significantly associated with being bullied, bullying, and bullying-bullied behavior. However, these findings are limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies and need to be confirmed by future studies.
Journal Article
Sleep duration, brain structure, and psychiatric and cognitive problems in children
Low sleep duration in adults is correlated with psychiatric and cognitive problems. We performed for the first time a large-scale analysis of sleep duration in children, and how this relates to psychiatric problems including depression, to cognition, and to brain structure. Structural MRI was analyzed in relation to sleep duration, and psychiatric and cognitive measures in 11,067 9–11-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, using a linear mixed model, mediation analysis, and structural equation methods in a longitudinal analysis. Dimensional psychopathology (including depression, anxiety, impulsive behavior) in the children was negatively correlated with sleep duration. Dimensional psychopathology in the parents was also correlated with short sleep duration in their children. The brain areas in which higher volume was correlated with longer sleep duration included the orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal and temporal cortex, precuneus, and supramarginal gyrus. Longitudinal data analysis showed that the psychiatric problems, especially the depressive problems, were significantly associated with short sleep duration 1 year later. Further, mediation analysis showed that depressive problems significantly mediate the effect of these brain regions on sleep. Higher cognitive scores were associated with higher volume of the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Public health implications are that psychopathology in the parents should be considered in relation to sleep problems in children. Moreover, we show that brain structure is associated with sleep problems in children, and that this is related to whether or not the child has depressive problems.
Journal Article
Randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of a childbirth and parenting booklet intervention on paternal postpartum depression risk
Background
Paternal postpartum depression (PPPD) remains underrecognized globally, despite prevalence estimates comparable to maternal depression. This study investigated whether a childbirth and parenting booklet distributed to expectant fathers during the prenatal period could reduce the risk of PPPD.
Methods
We performed a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial conducted in an obstetrics clinic in Japan. We recruited expecting fathers and their pregnant partners at 28–32 weeks gestation. In total, the intervention and control groups comprised 236 and 234 couples, respectively. The intervention comprised of a childbirth and parenting booklet that was distributed to the fathers by postal mail at 32 to 34 weeks gestation. The primary outcome was the incidence of paternal depression at 1 or 3 months after delivery. The secondary outcomes measured in this study included various indicators related to participants and childcare.
Results
At follow-up, signs of depression were observed in 7.2% of fathers in the intervention group and 9.8% in the control group (
p
= 0.40). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a reduced, but non-significant risk of PPPD (odds ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval = 0.34–1.42). There were no significant associations in secondary outcomes between the intervention and control group.
Conclusions
Distributing a booklet alone may not be sufficient to reduce the risk of PPPD. More personalized, interactive, or accessible interventions may be necessary to support paternal mental health during the perinatal period.
Trial registration
UMIN000021475 (15/03/2016).
Journal Article