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Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the Pig Production Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Impact on Human Health
Salmonellosis remains one of the most frequent foodborne zoonosis, constituting a worldwide major public health concern. The most frequent sources of human infections are food products of animal origin, being pork meat one of the most relevant. Currently, particular pig food production well-adapted and persistent Salmonella enterica serotypes (e.g., Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-, Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Rissen) are frequently reported associated with human infections in diverse industrialized countries. The dissemination of those clinically-relevant Salmonella serotypes/clones has been related to the intensification of pig production chain and to an increase in the international trade of pigs and pork meat. Those changes that occurred over the years along the food chain may act as food chain drivers leading to new problems and challenges, compromising the successful control of Salmonella. Among those, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella associated with antimicrobials use in the pig production chain is of special concern for public health. The transmission of pig-related multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotypes, clones and/or genetic elements carrying clinically-relevant antibiotic resistance genes, frequently associated with metal tolerance genes, from pigs and pork meat to humans, has been reported and highlights the contribution of different drivers to the antibiotic resistance burden. Gathered data strengthen the need for global mandatory interventions and strategies for effective Salmonella control and surveillance across the pig production chain. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the role of pig and pork meat in human salmonellosis at a global scale, highlighting the main factors contributing to the persistence and dissemination of clinically-relevant pig-related Salmonella serotypes and clones.
Journal Article
61 Revascularisation of left main stem disease in a geriatric population in a UK non-surgical centre: a five year retrospective analysis of modern practice and outcomes
PurposeLeft main stem (LMS) disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, even more within an elderly population. Traditionally coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been the gold standard for treatment of these lesions, however, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in this geriatric cohort is expanding with the advent of newer drug-eluting stents (DES), better intravascular imaging modalities and careful patient selection. This study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of LMS treatment with PCI at a UK non-surgical centre.MethodsFrom January 2018 to December 2022, all patients who underwent PCI to LMS lesions in our cath-lab were enrolled. The relevant clinical and angiographic characteristics at the time of PCI, as well as the clinical follow-up outcomes, were retrieved and analysed.ResultsA total of 117 patients were analysed with a mean age 71.3 ± 11 years. Of these 86 (74%) were males, 29 (25%) were diabetic, 58 (50) hypertensive. There were 78(67%) who presented with acute coronary syndrome, 32(27%) were elective admission whilst 7(6%) presented with cardiogenic shock.Of these 117, 79(68%) underwent single stent strategy while 38(32%) had double stent strategy. IVUS was used in 48(41%) cases, 16(14%) also required rotational atherectomy.The clinical success rate was 94%. Intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 2 of the procedures. Six (6%) patients died during hospitalization, all due to presenting cardiogenic shock. No major complication occurred. Among 111(95%) hospital survivors, the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 5 (4%), all due to target lesion revascularization or target vessel revascularization while 18(15%) died of other causes of death.ConclusionsIn this elderly patient cohort, LMS treatment with PCI could be safely carried out with a minimal complication rate and low out-of-hospital MACE despite relatively low use of intracoronary imaging.Conflict of InterestNon
Journal Article
The roaring 20 : the first cross-country air race for women
Celebrates the courage and drive of a collection of aviators who took part in the first cross-country air race for women in 1929 from California to Ohio, featuring famed-flyers Opal Kunz and Florence Pancho Barnes.
Book
Prevalence, serovars, and risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in pork sold in public markets in Quito, Ecuador version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations
Background
Salmonella enterica are bacteria that include more than 2,500 serovars. Most of these serovars have been linked to human foodborne illnesses, mainly related to poultry and pigs. Thus, these animals are considered the reservoirs of many
Salmonella serovars and strains related to antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, serovars, β-lactam resistance genes, and the risk factors associated with
Salmonella enterica in pork commercialized in open markets of Quito city.
Methods
For this, 165 pork meat samples were taken from municipal markets in three areas in the city. These samples were microbiologically processed following the ISO 6579-2014 standardized method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was used to identify
Salmonella serotyping and resistance genes. Strains not identified by PCR were typed by the Kauffman White Le Minor scheme. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of the microorganism.
Results
Salmonella prevalence in pork was 9.1%. Identified serovars were 4, [5], 12: i:- (53.3%), Infantis (33.3%), and Derby (13.4%). Furthermore, the β-lactam resistance genes
bla
CTX-M-65 could be identified in three
S. infantis isolates. Multivariate analysis showed that temperature (above 8°C) and cutting surfaces (wood) presented significant association values.
Conclusions
In conclusion, pork in traditional markets of Quito is contaminated with Salmonella enterica, whose main serovars pose a public health concern, and shows beta-lactam resistance.
Journal Article
Born to fly : the first women's air race across America
\"National Book Award finalist Steve Sheinkin tells the story of the 1929 Women's Air Derby, the first official all-female air race in the U.S.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Conservatism and British Foreign Policy, 1820-1920
The Derbys of Knowsley Hall have been neglected by historians to an astonishing degree. In domestic political terms, the legacies of Disraeli and his Conservative successors have long obscured their Lancastrian aristocratic predecessors. As far as foreign policy is concerned, twentieth century politics and scholarship have often suggested crude polarities: for example, the idea of 'appeasement' versus Churchillian belligerence has its nineteenth century equivalent in Aberdeen's apparent rivalry with Palmerston. The subtleties of other views, such as those represented by the Derbys, have either been overlooked or misunderstood. In addition, the fact that much crucial archival and editorial work has only been carried out in the last two decades has had a significant impact.
Examining a range of topics in domestic and foreign policy, this collection brings a fresh approach to the political history of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through a series of innovative essays. It will appeal to those with an interest in the decline of the aristocracy, Victorian high politics and the politics of the regions, as well as the Conservative tradition in foreign policy.
eBook
Women Skating on the Edge
This study analyzes the marketplace performances that are enacted in the field of women’s flat track roller derby using the theoretical lens of gender performativity. Rather than treating the roller derby field as an autonomous enclave of gender resistance, this study focuses on the interrelationships between derby grrrls’ resignifying performances of femininity and the gender constraints that have been naturalized in their everyday lives. The market-mediated nature of derby grrrls’ ideological edgework enables them to challenge orthodox gender boundaries, without losing sociocultural legitimacy. This analysis casts new theoretical light on the gendered habitus and reveals key differences to the outcomes that would follow from Bourdieusian assumptions about the deployment of cultural capital in zero-sum status competitions. The concept of ideological edgework also presents a theoretical alternative to critical arguments, such as the commodity feminism thesis, that assume an inherently paradoxical and, ultimately co-opting, relationship exists between practices of countercultural resistance and marketplace performances. We further argue that ideological edgework redresses some of the conceptual ambiguities that can lead gender researchers to conflate gender performativity with social performances.
Journal Article