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Despite the immense societal importance of ethically designing artificial intelligence, little research on the public perceptions of ethical artificial intelligence principles exists. This becomes even more striking when considering that ethical artificial intelligence development has the aim to be human-centric and of benefit for the whole society. In this study, we investigate how ethical principles (explainability, fairness, security, accountability, accuracy, privacy, and machine autonomy) are weighted in comparison to each other. This is especially important, since simultaneously considering ethical principles is not only costly, but sometimes even impossible, as developers must make specific trade-off decisions. In this paper, we give first answers on the relative importance of ethical principles given a specific use case—the use of artificial intelligence in tax fraud detection. The results of a large conjoint survey ( n = 1099 ) suggest that, by and large, German respondents evaluate the ethical principles as equally important. However, subsequent cluster analysis shows that different preference models for ethically designed systems exist among the German population. These clusters substantially differ not only in the preferred ethical principles but also in the importance levels of the principles themselves. We further describe how these groups are constituted in terms of sociodemographics as well as opinions on artificial intelligence. Societal implications, as well as design challenges, are discussed.

In this research, it was aimed to examine the relationship between physical education and sports teachers' curriculum design approach preferences and their commitment to the curriculum and to determine the variables that affect these two concepts. In this regard, a total of 780 physical education and sports teachers, 400 women and 380 men, who agreed to fill out the scale form applied to the study on a voluntary basis, participated. The data of the research were collected using the \"Personal Information Form\", \"Curriculum Design Preference Scale\" and \"Curriculum Commitment Scale\". Independent T-Test, One-Way Anova, Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression analysis were applied to the data found to be normally distributed. In the analysis results, a significant difference was found in education program design approach preferences in terms of age and years of experience, and in commitment to the curriculum in terms of gender and years of experience (p

As urban environments become increasingly complex and the costs and challenges of infrastructure upgrades continue to rise, wayfinding signage has become an effective solution to cope with urban dynamics due to its low cost and high flexibility. Although the functionality of wayfinding signage has been extensively studied, the perceptual differences between designers and non-designers have not been adequately explored. Ignoring these differences may lead to the overlooking of users’ real and diverse needs, resulting in suboptimal signage performance in practical applications and ultimately a reduction in the overall functionality and user experience of urban spaces. This study aims to bridge this perceptual gap. For this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey in China to compare the visual preferences of designers and non-designers regarding text, shape, color coding, and patterns. The results indicate that designers prioritize functionality and clarity to ensure the effective use of signage in complex urban environments, whereas non-designers prefer wayfinding signages that reflect local cultural symbols and characteristics. Our conclusions suggest that the public’s expectations for wayfinding signage extend beyond basic navigational functions, with an emphasis on cultural expression and visual appeal. Understanding these perceptual differences is crucial in developing design strategies that balance functionality, esthetics, and sustainability, thereby facilitating the sustainable integration of signage into urban landscapes.

Design plays a critical role in consumer purchase decisions. As the need for understanding and predicting various preferences for each customer increases, along with the importance of mass customization, predicting individual design preferences has become a critical factor in product development. However, current methods for predicting design preferences have several limitations. Product design involves a vast amount of high-dimensional information, and individual design preferences represent complex, heterogeneous emotional responses unique to each person. To address these challenges, we propose an approach that utilizes a dimensionality reduction model to transform design samples into low-dimensional feature vectors, enabling us to extract the key representative features of each design. By leveraging the design preference tendencies of others within our preference prediction models, we can predict individual-level design preferences more accurately. Our proposed framework overcomes the limitations of traditional methods for determining design preferences, allowing us to accurately identify design features and predict individual preferences for specific products. This framework improves the effectiveness of product development and enables personalized product recommendations that cater to the unique needs of each consumer.

This paper provides a comprehensive perspective on loud luxury product design, which so far has been limited to the concept of brand prominence. Drawing on insights from a qualitative study and conceptual considerations, the current research introduces a new luxury product design element—design extravagance. Furthermore, a field study and a large-scale survey of high-income individuals are conducted to explore the role consumers’ personality traits extraversion and openness to experience and personal motives (need for status and need for uniqueness) play in shaping consumer responses to two important luxury product design elements (brand prominence and design extravagance). The results suggest that the personality trait extraversion promotes consumers’ desire for status, which then leads consumers to favor extravagantly designed and logo-laden brands. Openness to experience, on the other hand, correlates with a desire for uniqueness and lies behind a penchant for design extravagance. Finally, the theoretical implications of this idea for future luxury research are discussed, along with its practical implications for luxury marketing.

Investigates the design of a mobile health (mHealth) application user interface (UI) based on Arabic culture. Argues that integrating certain cultural values of specific groups of users into the design of UI would increase their acceptance of the technology. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

This paper discusses how the William G. Squires Library conducted a usability study on their LibGuides to identify student design preferences. The results of the study support previous research concerning best practices for LibGuide creation. This paper offers insight into how librarian-centric design hinders student success and provides suggestions for how to best develop a student-centric template design that offers consistency and increased user proficiency across all guides.

The bathroom has become a feel-good space within the home. Also its design and planning is more influenced by technical considerations and products. Present research work tries to build an multi-objective optimization model incorporating multiple conflicting / non conflicting objectives such as: Optimizing available space; Improving accessibility and convenience; Enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal and Boost home's resale value. The problem may be solved using standard mathematical programming technique. In case of infeasible solution, Preemptive goal programming technique could be used if different priorities are to be allotted to the objectives and certain factors. In case of equal importance, Archimedean goal programming approach could be used.

The majority of the world is multilingual, but inequitably multilingual, and much of the world is also technologized, but inequitably so. Thus, researchers in the fields of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and second language acquisition (SLA) would profit from considering multilingualism and social justice when envisioning new CALL-SLA interfaces for the future. I first explain the connection I see among multilingualism, digital literacy, and social justice, and I characterize contemporary SLA as transformed by a social turn that is now complete, a bilingual turn slowly underway, and a social justice turn emerging on the horizon. I then review empirical evidence that suggests digital communication encourages multilingual practices, helps users appreciate the open nature of language resources, and perhaps even supports positive multilingual ideologies. Next, I offer some illustrations of possible new research questions and CALL-SLA studies that would focus on embracing and exploiting the openness of language resources in language learning, and on doing multilingual learning. Finally, I examine what we know about the digital divide that is relevant to CALL-SLA researchers. I close with a checklist for researchers interested in contributing to these new research interfaces in support of equitable multilingualism in online and offline language learning and teaching.

Gear transmission systems are very important machine elements and their failure can lead to losses or damage of other mechanical components that comprise a machine or device. Since gears are applied in numerous mechanical devices, there is need to design and subsequently optimize them for intended use. In the present work, two objectives, viz., volume and center distance, are minimized for a rotary tiller to achieve a compact design. Two methods were applied: (1) analytical method, (2) a concatenation of the bounded objective function method and teaching–learning-based optimization techniques, thereby improving the result by 44% for the former and 55% for the latter. Using a geometric model and previous literature, the optimal results obtained were validated with 0.01 variation. The influence of design variables on the objective functions was also evaluated using variation studies reflecting on a ranking according to objective. Bending stress variation of 12.4% was less than contact stress at 51% for a defined stress range.