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Granular Computing
Granular computing focuses on formalizing information granules and unifying them to create a coherent methodological and developmental environment for intelligent system design and analysis. This innovative book presents the unified principles of granular computing along with its comprehensive algorithmic framework and design practices. It explores key concepts and formalisms as well as applications. It also emphasizes the need to consider information granularity as an important design asset that helps in the construction of more realistic models of real-world systems and in facilitating collaborative pursuits of system modeling.
eBook
Digital Twin-Based Analysis and Optimization for Design and Planning of Production Lines
With the increasing dynamic nature of customer demand, production, product, and manufacturing design changes have become more frequent. Moreover, inadequate validation during the manufacturing design phase may result in additional issues, such as process redesign and layout reallocation, during the operation phase. Therefore, systems that can pre-validate and allow accurate and reliable analysis in the manufacturing design phase, as well as apply and optimize variations in production lines in real time, are required. Previously, digital twin (DT) has been studied a lot in product design and facility prognostics and management fields. Research on the system framework leading to DT utilization and optimization and analysis through DT in complex manufacturing systems with continuous processes such as production lines is insufficient. In this study, a system based on a DT and simulation results is developed; this system can reflect, analyze, and optimize dynamic changes in the design of processes and production lines in real time. First, the framework and application of the proposed system are designed. Subsequently, optimization methodologies based on heuristics and reinforcement learning (RL) are developed. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed system are verified by implementing an actual DT application at a real manufacturing site.
Journal Article
An MDAO Method for Assessing Benefits of Variable Cycle Engines in the Conceptual Design of Supersonic Civil Aircraft
The Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) is a key enabling technology for addressing the economic and environmental challenges of next-generation supersonic civil aircraft. This paper presents a multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDAO) approach to quantitatively assess the potential benefits of Variable Cycle Engines (VCE) in the conceptual design of supersonic civil aircraft. In this approach, component-level models of a conventional Mixed-Flow Turbofan (MFTF) and a double-bypass VCE with a Core Driven Fan Stage (CDFS) are integrated into the MDAO process. Employing a multi-point optimization strategy, the engine design parameters and off-design control schedules are first determined. Subsequently, for each given engine design (MFTF and CDFS VCE), the airframe geometry parameters are optimized to minimize the aircraft Maximum Take-off Weight (MTOW). The application of this approach is illustrated through a case study of a medium-sized supersonic civil transport. The results indicate that, under the assumption of identical weights for the VCE and the MFTF, the design with the VCE reduces the MTOW by 2.8%, block fuel consumption by 5.7%, and total mission Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions by 24.2% compared to the design with the MFTF. Additionally, lateral noise and flyover noise during the take-off phase are decreased by 2.2 EPNdB and 1.9 EPNdB, respectively. To account for the potential weight increase caused by the structural complexity of the VCE, a parametric weight sensitivity analysis is conducted. Results show that the VCE retains its advantages in MTOW, fuel efficiency, noise, and emissions for weight penalty factors up to 1.15.
Journal Article
Building structures
\"This new edition continues its legacy as the reference of choice for architects studying contemporary issues and design practices for building structures by taking a conceptual approach that foregos complicated mathematics. Looking at the role of the structure as a building subsystem, it offers the fundamentals of computational methods for design of wood, steel, and reinforced concrete structures, along with new material such as discussion of the LRFD method of design. Profusely illustrated with new case studies, this go-to guide is perfect for non-engineers to understand and visualize structural design\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A computational method to aid the design and analysis of single cell RNA-seq experiments for cell type identification
Background
The advent of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enabled researchers to study transcriptomic activity within individual cells and identify inherent cell types in the sample. Although numerous computational tools have been developed to analyze single cell transcriptomes, there are no published studies and analytical packages available to guide experimental design and to devise suitable analysis procedure for cell type identification.
Results
We have developed an empirical methodology to address this important gap in single cell experimental design and analysis into an easy-to-use tool called SCEED (Single Cell Empirical Experimental Design and analysis). With SCEED, user can choose a variety of combinations of tools for analysis, conduct performance analysis of analytical procedures and choose the best procedure, and estimate sample size (number of cells to be profiled) required for a given analytical procedure at varying levels of cell type rarity and other experimental parameters. Using SCEED, we examined 3 single cell algorithms using 48 simulated single cell datasets that were generated for varying number of cell types and their proportions, number of genes expressed per cell, number of marker genes and their fold change, and number of single cells successfully profiled in the experiment.
Conclusions
Based on our study, we found that when marker genes are expressed at fold change of 4 or more, either Seurat or SIMLR algorithm can be used to analyze single cell dataset for any number of single cells isolated (minimum 1000 single cells were tested). However, when marker genes are expected to be only up to fold change of 2, choice of the single cell algorithm is dependent on the number of single cells isolated and rarity of cell types to be identified. In conclusion, our work allows the assessment of various single cell methods and also aids in the design of single cell experiments.
Journal Article
Seismic analysis and design using the endurance time method
\"The endurance time method (ETM) is a seismic analysis procedure in which intensifying dynamic excitations are used as the loading function, and it provides many unique benefits in the design of structures. It can largely reduce the computational effort needed for the response history analysis of structures. This aids in the practical application of response history-based analysis in problems involving very large models and/or requiring numerous analyses to achieve optimal design goals. A single response history analysis through ETM provides an estimate of the system response at the entire range of seismic intensities of interest, thus making it ideal for applications such as seismic risk assessment, life-cycle cost analysis, and value-based seismic design. Conceptual simplicity also makes ETM a useful tool for preliminary response history analysis of structural systems. Features: Presents full coverage of the subject from basic concepts to advanced applied topics. Provides a coherent text on endurance time excitation functions that are essential in endurance time analysis. Seismic Analysis and Design using the Endurance Time Method serves as a comprehensive resource for students, researchers, and practicing structural engineers who want to familiarize themselves with the concepts and applications of the endurance time method (ETM) as a useful tool for dynamic structural analysis\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components:The next frontier of earthquake engineering
With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering,harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event,failure of architectural,mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover,nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities,such as hospitals,following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore,it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes,losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore,the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings,or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems,there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse,and the available codes and guidelines are usually,for the most part,based on past experiences,engineering judgment and intuition,rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often,design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components,identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore,considering recent trends in earthquake engineering,the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components,drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.
Journal Article