Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
758
result(s) for
"Developmental disabilities History."
Sort by:
Intellectual disability : a conceptual history, 1200-1900
\"This collection explores the historical origins of our modern concepts of intellectual or learning disability. The essays, from some of the leading historians of ideas of intellectual disability, focus on British and European material from the Middle Ages to the late-nineteenth century and extend across legal, educational, literary, religious, philosophical and psychiatric histories. They investigate how precursor concepts and discourses were shaped by and interacted with their particular social, cultural and intellectual environments, eventually giving rise to contemporary ideas. The collection is essential reading for scholars interested in the history of intelligence, intellectual disability and related concepts, as well as in disability history generally\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Evolving Notions of Schizophrenia as a Developmental Neurocognitive Disorder
We review the changing conceptions of schizophrenia over the past 50 years as it became understood as a disorder of brain function and structure in which neurocognitive dysfunction was identified at different illness phases. The centrality of neurocognition has been recognized, especially because neurocognitive deficits are strongly related to social and role functioning in the illness, and as a result neurocognitive measures are used routinely in clinical assessment of individuals with schizophrenia. From the original definitions of the syndrome of schizophrenia in the early 20th century, impaired cognition, especially attention, was considered to be important. Neurocognitive impairments are found in the vast majority of individuals with schizophrenia, and they vary from mild, relatively restricted deficits, to dementia-like syndromes, as early as the first psychotic episode. Neurocognitive deficits are found in the premorbid phase in a substantial minority of pre-teenage youth who later develop schizophrenia, and they apparently worsen by the prodromal, high-risk phase in a majority of those who develop the illness. While there is limited evidence for reversibility of impairments from pharmacological interventions in schizophrenia, promising results have emerged from cognitive remediation studies. Thus, we expect cognitive interventions to play a larger role in schizophrenia in the coming years. Moreover, because youth at risk for schizophrenia can be identified by an emergent high-risk syndrome, earlier interventions might be applied in a pre-emptive way to reduce disability and improve adaptation. The notion of schizophrenia as a developmental neurocognitive disorder with stages opens up a window of possibilities for earlier interventions. (JINS, 2017, 23, 881–892)
Journal Article
Profile of Mary E. Hatten
Azar presents a profile of professor Mary E. Hatten. Soon after Mary Hatten became the first female professor at New York City's Rockefeller University in 1992, she gave a talk to the university's board of directors about her life's work on neuron migration during brain development. Hatten's Inaugural Article furnishes one piece of the puzzle by solving a mystery about how an adhesion protein binds to glial cells to allow neurons to pull themselves along during central nervous system development. Hatten was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2017.
Journal Article
Lechebnaia pedagogika: The Concept and Practice of Therapy in Russian Defectology, c. 1880–1936
Therapy is not simply a domain or form of medical practice, but also a metaphor for and a performance of medicine, of its functions and status, of its distinctive mode of action upon the world. This article examines medical treatment or therapy (in Russian lechenie), as concept and practice, in what came to be known in Russia as defectology (defektologiia) – the discipline and occupation concerned with the study and care of children with developmental pathologies, disabilities and special needs. Defectology formed an impure, occupationally ambiguous, therapeutic field, which emerged between different types of expertise in the niche populated by children considered ‘difficult to cure’, ‘difficult to teach’, and ‘difficult to discipline’. The article follows the multiple genealogy of defectological therapeutics in the medical, pedagogical and juridical domains, across the late tsarist and early Soviet eras. It argues that the distinctiveness of defectological therapeutics emerged from the tensions between its biomedical, sociopedagogical and moral-juridical framings, resulting in ambiguous hybrid forms, in which medical treatment strategically interlaced with education or upbringing, on the one hand, and moral correction, on the other.
Journal Article
Charles Newton: changing perceptions of neurodisability in Africa
According to Fenella Kirkham, a long-time collaborator of Newton's from University College London, these \"considerable advances\" in understanding the aetiology and epidemiology of epilepsy, \"are likely to lead to eventual closure of the treatment gap for epilepsy in Africa\", where more than 60% of affected people have no access to treatment despite the availability of inexpensive medicines.
Journal Article
Biometric and developmental gene–environment interactions: Looking back, moving forward
A history of research on gene–environment interaction (G × E) is provided in this article, revealing the fact that there have actually been two distinct concepts of G × E since the very origins of this research. R. A. Fisher introduced what I call the biometric concept of G × E (G × E B ), whereas Lancelot Hogben introduced what I call the developmental concept of G × E (G × E D ). Much of the subsequent history of research on G × E has largely consisted of the separate legacies of these separate concepts, along with the (sometimes acrimonious) disputes that have arisen time and again when employers of each have argued over the appropriate way to conceptualize the phenomenon. With this history in place, more recent attempts to distinguish between different concepts of G × E are considered, paying particular attention to the commonly made distinction between “statistical interaction” and “interactionism,” and Michael Rutter's distinction between statistical interaction and “the biological concept of interaction.” I argue that the history of the separate legacies of G × E B and G × E D better supports Rutter's analysis of the situation and that this analysis best paves the way for an integrative relationship between the various scientists investigating the place of G × E in the etiology of complex traits.
Journal Article
Croser to Retire as Executive Director of AAIDD
Washington, DC-Doreen Croser retired as Executive Director of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) in June, 2010, following a distinguished 22-year tenure in the position. Past presidents of AAIDD have issued statements in Doreen's honor.
Journal Article