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This is the first comprehensive book on the engineering of diamond optical devices.Written by 39 experts in the field, it gives readers an up-to-date review of the properties of optical quality synthetic diamond (single crystal and nanodiamond) and the nascent field of diamond optical device engineering.

In order to improve the automatic level for laser-cladding repair of high value industrial equipment, such as polycrystalline diamond compact bit (PDC bit) applied in oil industry, a universal scheme of integrated automatic system for repairing is proposed in this paper, and the basic functional modules together with the executing order according to which each module runs are defined. There are two main technical points, i.e.,inspection and repairing, that need to be realized for such integrated automatic system. Therefore, according to the proposed scheme and the existing instruments, a dual-robot system, which includes two KUKA industrial robots, is adopted as the technological implementation, where one robot is used to carry a 3D scanner to reconstruct the PDC bit to realize inspection while the other is used to hold the laser to melt the special powder flowing to the damaged region of the bit to complete cladding. To realize automatic running of the whole integrated system, a hand-eye calibration method, namely three-point calibration, is then proposed, by which coordinates of point cloud of the damaged PDC bit detected by 3D scanner can be transformed to those of the coordinate system of the robot with the laser, so that the cladding path planned via cutting slice of the damaged region of the PDC bit in the upper computer software, the key of the integrated system developed by QT programming tool, can be tracked by laser head and then the damaged part of the PDC bit can be repaired. Finally, a laser-cladding experiment for repairing PDC bit is carried out and the feasibility of the proposed scheme of the integrated automatic system and the effectiveness of the dual-robot system implemented via KUKA robots are verified, According to existing literature, no papers about such integrated system for automatic laser cladding repair have been published.

A system of boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode combined with a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) as a cathode is an attractive kind of electrolysis system to treat wastewater to remove organic pollutants. Depending on the operating parameters and water matrix, the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction must be defined to calculate the reaction rate constant, which enables designing the treatment reactor in a continuous process. In this work, synthetic wastewater simulating the vacuum toilet sewage on trains was treated via a BDD-GDE reactor, where the kinetics was presented as the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) over time. By investigating three different initial COD concentrations (C0,1 ≈ 2 × C0,2 ≈ 4 × C0,3), the kinetics was presented and the observed reaction rate constant kobs. was derived at different current densities (20, 50, 100 mA/cm2). Accordingly, a mathematical model has derived kobs. as a function of the cell potential Ecell. Ranging from 1 × 10−5 to 7.4 × 10−5 s−1, the kobs. is readily calculated when Ecell varies in a range of 2.5–21 V. Furthermore, it was experimentally stated that the highest economic removal of COD was achieved at 20 mA/cm2 demanding the lowest specific charge (~7 Ah/gCOD) and acquiring the highest current efficiency (up to ~48%).

The study is devoted to structure and mechanical properties of a diamond composite used for manufacturing of cutting tools applied in a wide range of technological fields. The sample tools were fabricated by cold-pressing technology followed by hot-pressing in vacuum of the 51Fe–32Cu–9Ni–8Sn matrix mixture with diamond bits, both in absence and presence of nano-VN additives. It was demonstrated that without VN addition, the diamond–matrix interface contained voids and discontinuities. Nanodispersed VN added to the matrix resulted in the formation of a more fine-grained structure consisting of solid solutions composed of iron, copper, nickel, vanadium and tin in different ratios and the formation of a tight diamond–matrix zone with no visible voids, discontinuities and other defects. Optimal concentrations of VN in the CDM matrix were found achieving the maximum values of nanohardness H = 7.8 GPa, elastic modulus E = 213 GPa, resistance to elastic deformation expressed by ratio H/E = 0.0366, plastic deformation resistance H3/E2 = 10.46 MPa, ultimate flexural strength Rbm = 1110 MPa, and compressive strength Rcm = 1410 MPa. As-prepared Fe–Cu–Ni–Sn–VN composites with enhanced physical and mechanical properties are suitable for cutting tools of increased durability and improved performance.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 4th Conference on Application of Diamond and Related Materials in China (CADRM 2010) and the 1st International Symposium on Advances in Brazed Superabrasive Tools (ISABS2010), August 19-23, 2010, Xiamen, China.

The goal of this research is to develop surface-functionalized, conducting diamond to electrochemically detect nitrogen oxygen species (e.g. NOx) and to model fractional surface coverage. Capabilities of electrochemical sensors continue to evolve, including improved selectivity for analytes of interest, higher sensitivity for detecting lower concentrations, and sensor reversibility to extend sensor life. Highly boron-doped diamond has semi-metallic behavior and can be employed as a working electrode for electrochemical sensor applications. In addition, functionalizing a diamond surface with chemically specific moieties such as thiols (R-SH) and amines (R-NHx) can improve selectivity by binding analytes of interest. A functionalized diamond surface can be achieved with deep UV photochemical attachment of terminal alkenes that also contain a moiety. The result is a diamond surface with functional molecules that are attached through chemically robust C-C bonds. Covalently attached functional molecules are expected to facilitate oxidation and/or reduction of analytes under applied potentials. Electrochemical I-V curves can serve as a signature for an analyte's presence and concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an exceptional surface analysis tool for characterizing surface functionalization. Developing a model to estimate the expected XPS intensity of a monolayer coverage for polycrystalline surfaces would provide a quantitative assessment of fractional surface coverage for many applications requiring surface functionalization. Boron-doped diamond was functionalized with primary and secondary amines, primary and secondary thiols, and a tertiary alcohol. In addition, the primary amine was extended with a primary thiol using surface chemistry. All thiol molecules were able to detect bubbled nitric oxide and dissolved nitrite in aqueous solutions at nanomolar levels in less than 2 min with oxidation potentials of approximately +1.0 V. A novel technique was developed for modeling molecular coverage of polycrystalline surfaces using Atomic Force Microscopy and XPS. A surface functionalized with a tertiary alcohol was used to develop this technique.