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"Dibromochloropropane"
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Toxic injustice : a transnational history of exposure and struggle
\"The pesticide dibromochloropropane, known as DBCP, was developed by the chemical companies Dow and Shell in the 1950s to target worm-like, soil-dwelling creatures called nematodes. Despite signs that it was dangerous, the chemical was widely used in U.S. agriculture and on Chiquita and Dole Central American banana plantations. In the late 1970s, DBCP was linked to male sterility, setting off an uneven regulatory process while continued use left some workers--especially on Dole's banana plantations--exposed for years after dangers were known. Susanna Bohme tells an intriguing multilayered history of DBCP that spans fifty years to highlight the transnational reach of corporations and social justice movements. Toxic Injustice links health inequalities and worker struggles as it charts how people excluded from workplace and legal protections have found ways to challenge power structures. In contrast to most studies on the effects of globalization, this work provides a bold and multidisciplinary integration of many perspectives--environmental, legal, medical, labor, industrial, and transnational--to interrogate the way nation-states remain crucial forces and to demonstrate the boundaries and opportunities faced by those seeking justice from elite national and transnational actors\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Toxic injustice
The pesticide dibromochloropropane, known as DBCP, was developed by the chemical companies Dow and Shell in the 1950s to target wormlike, soil-dwelling creatures called nematodes. Despite signs that the chemical was dangerous, it was widely used in U.S. agriculture and on Chiquita and Dole banana plantations in Central America. In the late 1970s, DBCP was linked to male sterility, but an uneven regulatory process left many workers-especially on Dole's banana farms-exposed for years after health risks were known.Susanna Rankin Bohme tells an intriguing, multilayered history that spans fifty years, highlighting the transnational reach of corporations and social justice movements.Toxic Injusticelinks health inequalities and worker struggles as it charts how people excluded from workplace and legal protections have found ways to challenge power structures and seek justice from states and transnational corporations alike.
eBook
Activated biochar removes 100 % dibromochloropropane from field well water
Dibromochloropropane was one of the primary chemical soil fumigants used to control nematodes. As a consequence, dibromochloropropane is now occurring widely in groundwater. This situation requires treating drinking water before human consumption because exposures to dibromochloropropane have shown linkage to infertility and circulatory system diseases. Here, activated biochar was produced from almond shells and used in the field to remove dibromochloropropane from a municipal water well. Results show that activated biochar removed 100 % of the dibromochloropropane for approximately 3 months and continued to remove it to below treatment standards for an additional 3 months. The breakthrough was modeled by a liquid film mass transfer model that described the experimental data very well. This manuscript reports on the efficient use of local resources such as almond shells to address local environmental needs.
Journal Article
Simultaneous Bio-reduction of Nitrate, Perchlorate, Selenate, Chromate, Arsenate, and Dibromochloropropane Using a Hydrogen-based Membrane Biofilm Reactor
We tested the hypothesis that the H(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is capable of reducing multiple oxidized contaminants, a common situation for groundwater contamination. We conducted bench-scale experiments with three groundwater samples collected from California's San Joaquin Valley and on two synthetic groundwaters containing selenate and chromate. The actual groundwater sources had nitrate levels exceeding 10 mg-N l(-1) and different combinations of anthropogenic perchlorate + chlorate, arsenate, and dibromochloropropane (DBCP). For all actual groundwaters, the MBfR reduced nitrate to less than 0.01 mg-N l(-1). Present in two groundwaters, perchlorate + chlorate was reduced to below the California Notification Level, 6 microg-ClO(4) l(-1). As(V) was substantially reduced to As(III) for two groundwaters samples, which had influent As(V) concentrations from 3 to 8.8 microg-As l(-1). DBCP, present in one groundwater at 1.4 microg l(-1), was reduced to below its detection limit of 0.01 microg l(-1), which is well below California's 0.2 microg l(-1) MCL for DBCP. For the synthetic groundwaters, two MBfRs initially reduced Se(VI) or Cr(VI) stably to Se degrees or Cr(III). When we switched the influent oxidized contaminants, the new oxidized contaminant was reduced immediately, and its reduction soon was approximately the same or greater than it had been reduced in its original MBfR. These results support that the H(2)-based MBfR can reduce multiple oxidized contaminants simultaneously.
Journal Article
Hematopoietic and Reproductive Hazards of Korean Electronic Workers Exposed to Solvents Containing 2-Bromopropane
Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe hematopoietic and reproductive hazards of Korean electronic workers exposed to solvents containing 2-bromopropane. Methods Detailed medical and occupational histories were taken and thorough physical examinations with clinical laboratory tests were done for 33 workers (8 men and 25 women). Previous and present exposure was investigated in detail by industrial hygienists. Results Of the 25 female workers, 16 were shown to have secondary amenorrhea with high follicle-stimulating hormone levels, normal prolactin levels, and hot flashes. A total of eight workers with amenorrhea concurrently showed findings of pancytopenia. Among eight male workers, two showed azoospermia and another four showed some degree of oligospermia (normal > 20 million · ml⁻¹) or reduced sperm motility (normal >50%). The bone marrow effects and the testis or ovarian failure was shown to be the main health hazards in this workplace. Except for the cleaning solution containing 97.4% 2-bromopropane, no other known physical or chemical agents could be identified as responsible for the gonadal and bone marrow effects, including ionizing radiation, lead, ethylene glycol ether and its acetates, benzene, and dibromochloropropane. Conclusions No previous studies have reported human toxicity for 2-bromopropane, but the results of this study lead to the tentative conclusion that the causal agent for the gonadal and bone marrow effects among the workers might be 2-bromopropane.
Journal Article
Bananas!
BANANAS!* is a suspenseful court room drama that examines the intricacies and injustices of the global politics of food. Focusing on a landmark and highly controversial legal case pitting a dozen Nicaraguan banana plantation workers against Dole Food Corporation, BANANAS!* uncovers the alleged usage of a banned pesticide and its probable link to generations of sterilized workers. Central to both the film and case is Juan “Accidentes” Dominguez, a Los Angeles-based personal injury attorney who, although iconic within the Latino community for his ubiquitous billboard ads, is unquestionably facing the biggest case and challenge of his career. At stake in the classic David vs. Goliath story are the futures of generations of workers and their families, as well as the culture of global, multinational business. If successful, the case could rock the economic foundations of Dole, and could open the US courts to other global victims, representing a new day in international justice.
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