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Measuring Up
Measuring Up traces the high levels of poverty and inequality that Mexico faced in the mid-twentieth century. Using newly developed multidisciplinary techniques, the book provides a perspective on living standards in Mexico prior to the first measurement of income distribution in 1957. By offering an account of material living conditions and their repercussions on biological standards of living between 1850 and 1950, it sheds new light on the life of the marginalized during this period.
Measuring Up shows that new methodologies allow us to examine the history of individuals who were not integrated into the formal economy. Using anthropometric history techniques, the book assesses how a large portion of the population was affected by piecemeal policies and flaws in the process of economic modernization and growth. It contributes to our understanding of the origins of poverty and inequality, and conveys a much-needed, long-term perspective on the living conditions of the Mexican working classes.
eBook
The turtles of Mexico
The Turtles of Mexico is the first comprehensive guide to the biology, ecology, evolution, and distribution of more than fifty freshwater and terrestrial turtle taxa found in Mexico. Legler and Vogt draw on more than fifty years of fieldwork to elucidate the natural history of these species. The volume includes an extensive introduction to turtle anatomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography, and physiology. A key to the turtles of Mexico is included along with individual species accounts featuring geographic distribution maps and detailed color illustrations. Specific topics discussed for each species include habitat, diet, feeding behavior, reproduction, predators, parasites, growth and ontogeny, sexual dimorphism, growth rings, economic use, conservation, legal protection, and taxonomic studies. This book is a complete reference for scientists, conservationists, and professional and amateur enthusiasts who wish to study Mexican turtles.
eBook
Mexico : a culinary quest
Chronicling a journey across some of the country's most picturesque states in more than 100 entertaining, informative profiles, Mexico: A Culinary Quest captures the essence and spirit of Mexican food history as well as a wide range of contemporary cooking styles. The lively texts are accompanied by more than 1000 specially commissioned photographs celebrating not only the cuisine but also the rich culture of which it is part. While food is at its heart, the lure of Mexico: A Culinary Quest is not just the featured personalities but their tables, menus, local specialties, kitchens, and the country's magnificent settings and landscape. From Yucatâan to Baja California, Michoacâan to Tabasco, Nueva Leâon to Chiapas, Mexico: A Culinary Quest traces long-standing cultural traditions through food, placing history at the center of the Mexican people's culinary journey across time. The profiles therefore represent a cross-section of both walks of life and social classes: nuns; grandes dames; campesinos; barrio residents; creatives in the arts, architecture, music, film, and media; businesspeople-and, of course, great chefs. From famous watering holes to local holes in the wall, Mexico: A Culinary Quest is a voyage in search of the soul of Mexico through the medium of food.
BOOK
A Regionalized Genome-Based Mexican Diet Improves Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Subjects at Risk for Obesity-Related Chronic Diseases
Obesity-related chronic diseases (CD) are highly prevalent in Mexicans who show moderate to high frequencies of diet-related adaptive gene (DRAG) polymorphisms and recent shifts in traditional dietary habits and lifestyles. This study first evaluated the effects of a regionalized genome-based Mexican (GENOMEX) diet on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and, subsequently their relationship with the genetic profile of DRAG polymorphisms in subjects with metabolic risk factors for obesity-related CD. Thirty-seven eligible subjects underwent a 24-week dietary intervention with a GENOMEX diet. The DRAG polymorphisms were determined by an allelic discrimination real-time assay to evaluate their association with the clinical response to diet. The GENOMEX diet significantly improved anthropometric parameters such as total weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage, with an average weight loss of 6.6% (5.3 ± 5.3 kg). The frequency of subjects with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated VLDL-c (48.5% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.041; 45.5% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.003; and 39.4% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.027, baseline vs. 24-weeks, respectively) was reduced. A more significant favorable effect in HOMA-IR and insulin was observed in MTHFR 677T adaptive allele carriers, but no other DRAG polymorphism was associated with clinical changes. The GENOMEX diet improved the metabolic risk factors for obesity-related CD. The recommendation and habitual consumption of a traditional Mexican diet based on knowledge of the population’s genetic and cultural history may be effective in preventing current obesity-related CD.
Journal Article
Earliest evidence of primate captivity and translocation supports gift diplomacy between Teotihuacan and the Maya
A multimethod archaeometry study (zooarchaeological, isotopic, ancient DNA, paleobotanical, and radiocarbon dating) of a spider monkey sacrificed in the ceremonial center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (1 to 550 CE) is interpreted as a diplomatic gift exchange with neighboring Maya. Not only does this spider monkey provide the earliest known instance of primate translocation and captivity in Mesoamerica, it helps date incipient modes of interregional diplomacy between two major powers during Early Classic Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan and the Maya. Details of human–primate interaction include age at capture and transport (before ∼3 y of age), captive duration (over 2 y), anthropogenic diet (staple was maize, though secondary resources unique to anthropogenic diet including arrowroot and chili pepper were also found), context of sacrifice (tethered and associated with complete golden eagle and an array of other statecrafts), and general site context (including presence of Maya vessels and Maya-style murals). The timing of the spider monkey’s sacrifice (250 to 300 CE) and its life history suggest a reconsideration of epigraphically attested militaristic involvement of Teotihuacan at certain Maya sites. We propose that a period of more multilateral and fluid ritual exchange with Maya dignitaries preceded the Teotihuacan state’s eventual ascent to prominence.
Journal Article
Microbiome characterization of a pre-Hispanic man from Zimapán, Mexico: Insights into ancient gut microbial communities
The research of microbiome derived from mummified human remains, coprolites and paleofeces has gained significant interest over several decades, aiming to elucidate the evolution of microbial interactions and shed light on the lifestyles of past populations. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiome of a pre-Hispanic male individual referred to as the Zimapán man, dated to 936 BP, discovered on the border between Mesoamerica and Aridoamerica. Employing high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing on both the paleofeces and mummified intestinal tissue, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of the Zimapán man’s gut microbiome. The bacterial community was described, and a weighted UniFrac-based principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) was performed. The multivariate analysis incorporated microbiome samples from diverse environments, such as soils, compost, and both contemporary and ancient human gut microbiota. The analysis revealed bacterial groups associated with the human microbiome, including families such as Peptostreptococcaceae , Clostridiaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , and Enterococcaceae . Notably, a high abundance of the Clostridiaceae group was found, similar to those discovered in the intestinal tissue of mummies from other geographic regions. Additionally, unique groups such as Romboutsia hominis , exclusively isolated from human intestines and not previously reported in ancient human microbiomes, were identified. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that the bacterial composition did not resemble soil and compost environments. This initial characterization successfully achieved the goal of identifying bacterial groups of the gut microbiome in the Zimapán samples. Consequently, this study contributes to the ongoing expansion of knowledge regarding ancient microbiomes across diverse temporal, historical, geographical, and environmental contexts.
Journal Article
Flaxseed Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a significant health concern in the 21st century, and its prevalence continues to rise despite efforts to promote preventive lifestyle changes. This increase has led to higher economic burdens, prompting the search for non-pharmacological methods to manage glucose levels. Objective: To assess the effects of flaxseed consumption on biochemical markers (glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes in Oaxaca, Mexico. Materials and Methods: Participants were recruited and randomized into clinical trials between April and June 2023, and the study protocol was approved by a Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: Consuming 16 g of flaxseed daily for three months led to a significant decrease in glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001) in Type 2 diabetes patients in the intervention group (n = 82). Belonging to the control group (n = 84) was correlated with presenting higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (Spearman’s Rho 0.640; p < 0.001), higher levels of glucose (Spearman’s Rho 0.352; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (Spearman’s Rho 0.796; p < 0.001), and triglycerides (Spearman’s Rho 0.700; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A daily intake of 16 g of flaxseed is an effective supplementary treatment for adult Mexican patients with Type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by reduced levels of glycated hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the intervention group. Potential implications for clinical practice: Healthcare providers may consider recommending flaxseed in the diets of patients with obesity, prediabetes, or Type 2 diabetes to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and overall metabolic health.
Journal Article
Gut microbiota signatures of the three Mexican primate species, including hybrid populations
Diversity of the gut microbiota has proven to be related with host physiology, health and behavior, influencing host ecology and evolution. Gut microbial community relationships often recapitulate primate phylogeny, suggesting phylosymbiotic associations. Howler monkeys ( Alouatta ) have been a model for the study of host-gut microbiota relationships, showing the influence of different host related and environmental factors. Differences in life-history traits and feeding behavior with other atelids, like spider monkeys, may reveal distinct patterns of bacterial gut communities, yet few wild populations have been studied; likewise, gut microbiota studies of hybrid populations are mostly lacking. We analyzed diversity and abundance patterns of the gut microbiota of wild populations of the three Mexican primates Ateles geoffroyi, Alouatta palliata and A. pigra from different regions across its distribution in the country, including sympatric localities and the Alouatta hybrid zone. Interspecific differences in gut microbial diversity were higher than intraspecific differences, concordant with phylosymbiosis. Ateles harbored the more differentiated diversity with a major presence of rare taxa, while differences were less strong between Alouatta species. Hybrids had a microbial diversity in-between their parental species, yet also showing unique microbe taxa. Genetic distances between Alouatta individuals correlated positively with their gut microbial dissimilarities. Results show that interspecific and intraspecific overall diversity, abundance and composition patterns are affected by environment, geographic distribution and host genetics. Our study provides the first comprehensive study of gut microbiota of the three Mexican primates and hybrid populations.
Journal Article