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Diplomatic Security: A Comparative Analysis
The safety of diplomats has animated recent public and political debates. As diplomatic personnel are increasingly targeted by terrorism and political violence while overseas, sending states are augmenting host nations' security measures with their own. Protective arrangements range from deploying military, police, and private security guards to relocating embassies to suburban compounds. Yet, reinforced security may also hamper effective diplomacy and international relations. Scholars and practitioners from around the world bring to light a large body of empirical information available for the first time in Diplomatic Security. This book explores the global contexts and consequences of keeping embassies and their personnel safe.The essays in this volume offer case studies that illustrate the different arrangements in the U.S., China, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Israel, and Russia. Considering the historical and legal contexts, authors examine how states protect their diplomats abroad, what drives changes in existing protective arrangements, and how such measures affect the safety of diplomats and the institution of diplomacy. Diplomatic Security not only reveals how a wide variety of states handle security needs but also illuminates the broader theoretical and policy implications for the study of diplomacy and security alike.
eBook
Bureaucratic Interests and the Outsourcing of Security
In spite of its sensitivity, diplomatic protection has received very sporadic scholarly attention. This article provides a comparative analysis of US and UK diplomatic security policies, focusing on the increasing use of private military and security companies (PMSCs) for the protection of foreign service and development agencies’ personnel. The existing theoretical explanations of the privatization of security tasks cannot explain why countries displaying similar material incentives and similar political and market cultures have outsourced diplomatic protection to different degrees, nor can they account for variance in the use of PMSCs by different agencies within the same country. Our analysis highlights the importance of investigating organizations’ interests in providing a more accurate explanation of the varying propensity to outsource armed protection. In both the United States and the United Kingdom, the outsourcing of diplomatic security was a resultant of foreign policy bureaucracies and military organizations’ preferences.
Journal Article
Design, analysis, and testing of a blast-resistant building façade
In a joint endeavor conducted for the US Department of State (DoS) Bureau of Diplomatic Security, K&C has developed curtain-wall technology for US government infrastructure overseas capable of withstanding the threats anticipated from large explosive events such as VBIEDs at close proximity. The analysis utilized high fidelity physics-based (HFPB) calculations based on a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) modeling methods. Unlike many similar analysis and simulation efforts, this work was validated by a full-scale explosive test. This provided an opportunity to compare the calculation outputs with test data to determine the efficacy and accuracy of the calculation methods as well as providing indicators for further calibration of the analysis model. This paper will provide description and commentary of the calculation approach as adopted to analyze the structure using both CFD and CSD methods, as well as planning and conduct of the test including positioning of instrumentation and the purpose and nature of data collection. Comparison of the simulation and test data is accompanied by discussion of the most significant discrepancies and areas in which the calculations closely matched the observed calculation results. Finally, conclusions are presented regarding the efficacy of the calculational approach adopted and recommendations presented for future calculations, and testing of conventional structural systems that are to be subject to blast loading of this magnitude.
Journal Article
Diplomatic Security as Counterterrorism
Israeli diplomatic delegations have frequently been targeted by terrorist attacks. The Israeli state has established a single overarching approach against this violent campaign, choosing the Israeli Security Agency (ISA) as the leading organization tasked with countering attacks against both diplomatic missions and other civilian objectives abroad. The ISA has been crucial in enhancing Israel’s diplomatic security by providing intelligence and armed personnel to protect missions abroad.
Book Chapter
Diplomatic Security in Times of Austerity
Even if the Italian diplomatic presence abroad has slightly diminished since 2013, Italy still maintains the fourth largest diplomatic network worldwide. Italy has a clear and long-standing system in place for the protection of its diplomatic corps, complementing host country protection with the dispatch of units from the Carabinieri, a gendarmerie corps with both military and law enforcement duties. Nevertheless, as this chapter shows, the growing exposure of Italian diplomatic missions to a variety of threats requires the allocation of further resources to diplomatic security. The need for budgetary cuts and public criticism of the alleged privileges enjoyed by diplomatic personnel abroad, however, make the allocation of additional funding and personnel to diplomatic security problematic.
Book Chapter