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'Diplomacy' is the form of international engagement that offers the best prospect of resolving differences and maintaining friendly relations between states. While the Nuclear Tests case - Australia's first encounter with the International Court of Justice as an applicant - demonstrates that diplomacy is not always successful when national and foreign policy interests are irreconcilable, diplomacy has to be the first course of action and must be allowed to 'run its course'. Only when that process has been exhausted should action be taken to resort to the Court (or engage in other international dispute settlement procedures) for a decision - based on a sound analysis of the legal issues, a rigorous assessment of the strength of Australia's legal case and when there is a compelling national or foreign policy imperative in doing so.

In June 2008, several thousand protestor, some throwing stones and firecrackers, demonstrated outside the U.S. Embassy in La Paz to protest a reported U.S. decision to grant asylum to Bolivia's former minister of defense, Carlos Sanchez Berzain, who served in the former Bolivian government headed by President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada. The demonstrator denounced the United States and demanded the return of Both Sanchez Berzain and Sanchez de Lozada for trial. Moreover, the Department of State subsequently returned the U.S. ambassador to Washington for \"consultations,\" a measure frequently used to express diplomatic pleasure.

Purpose - The purpose of the article is to set the broader conceptual context for the exploration of the role of business in public diplomacy in this special issue of the Journal of Business Strategy.Design methodology approach - This article reviews the development of the public diplomacy concept, and point out its current gaps in light of the profound transformation in the global society. The article then discusses the linkage and relevance to the business community.Findings - The article highlights that public diplomacy is not a unitary but a multi-dimensional concept, and argues for selective engagement by the private sector, that is not only desirable but also feasible. The value propositions global business can bring to the process include a global world-view, managerial practice, and communication competence and other resources. It also explains areas of public diplomacy that they may play a part in.Originality value - This paper provides the theoretical grounding for businesses' involvement in public diplomacy.