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"Diplomats Protection."
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What are we talking about when we talk about digital protectionism?
For almost a decade, executives, scholars, and trade diplomats have argued that filtering, censorship, localization requirements, and domestic regulations are distorting the cross-border information flows that underpin the internet. Herein I use process tracing to examine the state and implications of digital protectionism. I make five points: First, I note that digital protectionism differs from protectionism of goods and other services. Information is intangible, highly tradable, and some information is a public good. Secondly, I argue that it will not be easy to set international rules to limit digital protectionism without shared norms and definitions. Thirdly, the US, EU, and Canada have labeled other countries policies' protectionist, yet their arguments and actions sometimes appear hypocritical. Fourth, I discuss the challenge of Chinese failure to follow key internet governance norms. China allegedly has used a wide range of cyber strategies, including distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks (bombarding a web site with service requests) to censor information flows and impede online market access beyond its borders. WTO members have yet to discuss this issue and the threat it poses to trade norms and rules. Finally, I note that digital protectionism may be self-defeating. I then draw conclusions and make policy recommendations.
Journal Article
Making Process, Not Progress: ASEAN and the Evolving East Asian Regional Order
Since the Asian financial crisis of 1998, regional scholars and diplomats have maintained that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) represents an evolving economic and security community. In addition, many contend that what is known as the ASEAN process not only has transformed Southeast Asia's international relations, but has started to build a shared East Asian regional identity ASEAN's deeper integration into a security, economic, and political community, as well as its extension into the ASEAN Plus Three processes that were begun after the 1997 financial crisis, offers a test case of the dominant assumptions in both ASEAN scholarship and liberal and idealist accounts of international relations theory. Three case studies of ASEAN operating as an economic and security community demonstrate, however, that the norms and practices that ASEAN promotes, rather than creating an integrated community, can only sustain a pattern of limited intergovernmental and bu- reaucratically rigid interaction.
Journal Article
The Quimbaya Treature Judgment SU-649/17 Colombia Constitutional Court
Unilateral act, nature, validity-treaties, interpretation, application, non-retroactivity-cultural property, indigenous peoples, restitution, dispute settlement (diplomacy and mediation)
Journal Article
THE ASCENDENCY OF DIPLOMATIC EXPERTISE AND DECLINE OF HERITAGE KNOWLEDGE IN WORLD HERITAGE DECISION-MAKING: THE CURIOUS CASE OF THE ROSIA MONTANA MINING LANDSCAPE'S DUAL WORLD HERITAGE INSCRIPTION
Over the past 25 years, the World Heritage Committee has become progressively willing to overturn recommendations made by independent technical experts. While the Committee is the ultimate adjudicator on World Heritage listings, there has been a recent surge in decisions that actively depart from expert advice, resulting in a proliferation of decisions that are technically deficient and threaten the credibility of the World Heritage system.
Journal Article
Putting India on the radar screen
After university, I managed, by some good luck, to get accepted into the External Affairs Department, as it was then known. Ahead of my main interview, I learnt that the head of the outfit had some pet dislikes, including chaps with beards and those who wore what in those days were known as walk shorts. I had a couple of pairs. They were quite the thing, with long socks, for summer drinks. But I would not have considered them in any way appropriate for my interview. I put on my best suit and waited apprehensively to be called in.
Journal Article
RtoP Alive and Well after Libya
With the exception of Raphael Lemkin's efforts on behalf of the 1948 Genocide Convention, no idea has moved faster in the international normative arena than “the responsibility to protect” (RtoP), which was formulated in 2001 by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS). Friends and foes have pointed to the commission's conceptual contribution to reframing sovereignty as contingent rather than absolute, and to establishing a framework for forestalling or stopping mass atrocities via a three-pronged responsibility—to prevent, to react, and to rebuild. But until the international military action against Libya in March 2011, the sharp end of the RtoP stick—the use of military force—had been replaced by evasiveness and skittishness from diplomats, scholars, and policy analysts.
Journal Article
Implementation of legal mechanisms of environmental protection by the South Pacific regional organizations
Objective of the article is to present a multitude of the South Pacific regional organizations, whose one of the most vital issue is to implement legal mechanisms of environmental protection. As the Pacific countries and territories are the most affected by the climate change effects, the goal of the politicians, diplomats, representatives of private sector and civil society organizations is to protect their islands. The islanders have been trying to achieve that through multilateral gathering, seminars and other so-called soft law instruments, but also, recently, through hard law mechanism, which can be de iure executed. There are however many obstacles which come from both structural and social barriers of the South Pacific nations. The methodology, which has been used to write this article, is the legal analysis of the documents made on both national and transnational lever, mainly by the regional intergovernmental organizations, as well as non-binding communiqués after summits and further political declarations. The value author wishes to bring is first of all publicising the Pacific region, as it is not anymore isolated or dependent on the bigger global actors. Secondly, environmental protection made by the grass roots initiatives, being de facto the regional organizations, can shed new light on this matter. Conclusion shall, nonetheless, present still a long way before the South Pacific microstates on their way to achieving both better regional cooperation, as well as mechanisms of more effective implementation of the regional norms.
Journal Article
Putting India on the radar screen
Bridge reflects on the foreign relation of India as he counts his time as New Zealand high commissioner in India. On the foreign policy front, in the 1990s India at long last seemed interested in developing a more engaged approach towards Southeast Asia and the Asia–Pacific region. For too long Delhi had been locked into apprehensions as regards China and the United States; and had disdainfully regarded the ASEAN states as Westernclones. Since independence, India’s attitude to the outside world has been mainly one of grievance. The author explores the country's cultural diplomacy, poetry importance, media hit, and self-constraint.
Journal Article
Diplomatic Security: A Comparative Analysis
The safety of diplomats has animated recent public and political debates. As diplomatic personnel are increasingly targeted by terrorism and political violence while overseas, sending states are augmenting host nations' security measures with their own. Protective arrangements range from deploying military, police, and private security guards to relocating embassies to suburban compounds. Yet, reinforced security may also hamper effective diplomacy and international relations. Scholars and practitioners from around the world bring to light a large body of empirical information available for the first time in Diplomatic Security. This book explores the global contexts and consequences of keeping embassies and their personnel safe.The essays in this volume offer case studies that illustrate the different arrangements in the U.S., China, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Israel, and Russia. Considering the historical and legal contexts, authors examine how states protect their diplomats abroad, what drives changes in existing protective arrangements, and how such measures affect the safety of diplomats and the institution of diplomacy. Diplomatic Security not only reveals how a wide variety of states handle security needs but also illuminates the broader theoretical and policy implications for the study of diplomacy and security alike.
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