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In 2021, a catalog of 536 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) radio telescope was released by the CHIME/FRB Collaboration. This large collection of bursts, observed with a single instrument and uniform selection effects, has advanced our understanding of the FRB population. Here we update the results for 140 of these FRBs for which channelized raw voltage (“baseband”) data are available. With the voltages measured by the telescope’s antennas, it is possible to maximize the telescope sensitivity in any direction within the primary beam, an operation called “beamforming.” This allows us to increase the signal-to-noise ratios of the bursts and to localize them to subarcminute precision. The improved localizations are also used to correct the beam response of the instrument and to measure fluxes and fluences with an ∼10% uncertainty. Additionally, the time resolution is increased by 3 orders of magnitude relative to that in the first CHIME/FRB catalog, and, applying coherent dedispersion, burst morphologies can be studied in detail. Polarization information is also available for the full sample of 140 FRBs, providing an unprecedented data set to study the polarization properties of the population. We release the baseband data beamformed to the most probable position of each FRB. These data are analyzed in detail in a series of accompanying papers.

The accurate perception of multiple flight parameters, such as the angle of attack, angle of sideslip, and airflow velocity, is essential for the flight control of micro air vehicles, which conventionally rely on arrays of pressure or airflow velocity sensors. Here, we present the estimation of multiple flight parameters using a single flexible calorimetric flow sensor featuring a sophisticated structural design with a suspended array of highly sensitive vanadium oxide thermistors. The proposed sensor achieves an unprecedented velocity resolution of 0.11 mm·s −1 and angular resolution of 0.1°. By attaching the sensor to a wing model, the angles of attack and slip were estimated simultaneously. The triaxial flight velocities and wing vibrations can also be estimated by sensing the relative airflow velocity due to its high sensitivity and fast response. Overall, the proposed sensor has many promising applications in weak airflow sensing and flight control of micro air vehicles. Accurate perception of flight parameters is critical for flight control of micro air vehicles. Here, authors present a flexible calorimetric flow sensor with vanadium oxide thermistor arrays for flight parameters estimation, such as angle of attack and sideslip, flight velocity, and wing vibration.

This study investigates the influence of directional loading on platform dynamics and mooring system behavior. Time-domain simulations were carried out in OpenFAST, supported by hydrodynamic coefficients generated using NEMOH for multiple wave headings. The response of the platform was analyzed in terms of mean motions, mooring stiffness, and modal properties. The linearity and sensitivity of the mooring system were studied. Operational modal analysis using the Least Squares Complex Frequency (LSCF) and Covariance-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI-COV) methods were applied to identify platform and tower natural frequencies under operational conditions. Results show that directional loading significantly affects platform offsets, mooring stiffness, and low-frequency dynamics, particularly in surge, sway, and yaw. Heave exhibit limited sensitivity to load direction, while roll and pitch show clear dependence on wind speed and controller effects. The first tower fore-aft mode demonstrates an increasing trend with higher wind speed, whereas the side-side mode remains largely unaffected.

Water-lubricated bearings are critical in ship propulsion, and wear accelerates under low-speed, heavy-load conditions, making early detection essential. Existing studies mainly focus on rolling bearings and employ time- or frequency-domain analyses. While effective for obvious impacts, these methods often fail to capture weak transient signals associated with early wear. Directional dependence is also neglected, although wear responses of water-lubricated stern bearings vary with direction, reducing the sensitivity and interpretability of conventional frameworks. To address these issues, this study proposes a direction-sensitive detection framework that integrates time-domain features with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)-based multi-scale energy features for multi-dimensional evaluation. Features are standardized using Z score normalization and reduced via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and their contributions quantified using Spearman correlation and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to identify direction-sensitive indicators. Results show that vertical radial Kurtosis features are most sensitive to early wear, while horizontal radial features provide robust supplementary information. High-frequency time–frequency features respond more sensitively to early wear, whereas time-domain features exhibit stronger directional specificity. Based on these findings, a multi-dimensional detection framework is established, with vertical radial vibrations as core early-warning indicators and horizontal radial vibrations as robust supplements, providing a high-sensitivity, adaptable solution for early wear detection of water-lubricated bearings.

Sperm competition favors large, costly ejaculates, and theory predicts the evolution of allocation strategies that enable males to plastically tailor ejaculate expenditure to sperm competition threat. While greater sperm transfer in response to a perceived increase in the risk of sperm competition is well-supported, we have a poor understanding ofwhether males (i) respond to changes in perceived intensity of sperm competition, (ii) use the same allocation rules for sperm and seminal fluid, and (iii) experience changes in current and future reproductive performance as a result of ejaculate compositional changes. Combining quantitative proteomics with fluorescent sperm labeling, we show that Drosophila melanogaster males exercise independent control over the transfer of sperm and seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) under different levels of male–male competition. While sperm transfer peaks at low competition, consistent with some theoretical predictions based on sperm competition intensity, the abundance of transferred SFPs generally increases at high competition levels. However, we find that clusters of SFPs vary in the directionality and sensitivity of their response to competition, promoting compositional change in seminal fluid. By tracking the degree of decline inmale mating probability and offspring production across successive matings, we provide evidence that ejaculate compositional change represents an adaptive response to current sperm competition, but one that comes at a cost to future mating performance. Our work reveals a previously unknown divergence in ejaculate component allocation rules, exposes downstream costs of elevated ejaculate investment, and ultimately suggests a central role for ejaculate compositional plasticity in sexual selection.

Background: Accurate simulation of wildfires can benefit pre-ignition mitigation and preparedness, and post-ignition emergency response management.Aims: We evaluated the performance of Weather Research and Forecast-Fire (WRF-Fire), a coupled fire-atmosphere wildland fire simulation platform, in simulating a large historic fire (2018 Camp Fire).Methods: A baseline model based on a setup typically used for WRF-Fire operational applications is utilised to simulate Camp Fire. Simulation results are compared to high-temporal-resolution fire perimeters derived from NEXRAD observations. The sensitivity of the model to a series of modelling parameters and assumptions governing the simulated wind field are then investigated. Results of WRF-Fire for Camp Fire are compared to FARSITE.Key results: Baseline case shows non-negligible discrepancies between the simulated fire and the observations on rate of spread (ROS) and spread direction. Sensitivity analysis results show that refining the atmospheric grid of Camp Fire’s complex terrain improves fire prediction capabilities.Conclusions: Sensitivity studies show the importance of refined atmosphere modelling for wildland fire simulation using WRF-Fire in complex terrains. Compared to FARSITE, WRF-Fire agrees better with the observations in terms of fire propagation rate and direction.Implications: The findings suggest the need for further investigation of other possible sources of wildfire modelling uncertainties and errors.

This study, based on the Simulink simulation platform, investigates the influence of hydrodynamic parameters on the navigation speed of fully actuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and conducts a sensitivity analysis of AUV motion performance to different design deviations in hydrodynamic parameters. The results show that the velocity of underwater motion in each direction exponentially decreases as the corresponding viscous drag coefficient increases while being less influenced by viscous drag coefficients in other directions. Additionally, the sensitivity of the viscous drag coefficient to the underwater motion of AUVs is much greater than that of the inertial drag coefficient.

To address environmental protection needs, enhancing the stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity of electronic noses is vital. In this study, two different three-dimensional test chamber models are designed, and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is utilized to investigate the airflow behavior as it passes through the test chamber containing metal oxide gas sensors. The results show that the area of the high-velocity airflow distribution is increased in the improved chamber, and the airflow direction and magnitude above different sensors are more uniform. This allows the sensor array to be more effectively exposed to the airflow, thereby enhancing sensor sensitivity. Moreover, the recirculation region in the flow field is significantly reduced in size, and the gas concentration above the sensors changes more rapidly after gas introduction, leading to a substantial reduction in the sensor response time.

Growing evidence indicates that plant community structure and traits have changed under climate warming, especially in cold or high-elevation regions. However, the impact of these warming-induced changes on ecosystem carbon sequestration remains unclear. Using a warming experiment on the high-elevation Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we found that warming not only increased plant species height but also altered species composition, collectively resulting in a taller plant community associated with increased net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Along a 1,500 km transect on the Plateau, taller plant community promoted NEP and soil carbon through associated chlorophyll content and other photosynthetic traits at the community level. Overall, plant community height as a dominant trait is associated with species composition and regulates ecosystem C sequestration in the high-elevation biome. This trait-based association provides new insights into predicting the direction, magnitude and sensitivity of ecosystem C fluxes in response to climate warming. Quan et al. show that warming-induced changes in plant community height in a cold, high-elevation region enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration, emphasizing the importance of plant traits in shaping the carbon cycle under climate change.

IntroductionBrazilian Unified Health System (SUS) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for prostate cancer recommend the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) ± docetaxel for metastatic castration-sensitive patients (mCSPC). However, new medications have been developed since the last CPG update. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide for mCSPC as part of the CPG update process.MethodsA cost–utility analysis was built, with partitioned survival model composed of three states: progression-free, evidence of radiological progression, and death. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) curves from docetaxel STAMPEDE trial were extrapolated using different distributions for a 20-year horizon. Visual inspection, clinical plausibility, and Akaike information criterion (AIC)/Bayesian information criterion (BIC) tests were considered to choose the best fit, which were adjusted by hazard ratios (HR) from indirect comparisons of interventions with docetaxel. Utility and disutility values were identified from the literature. Direct costs of medications and pre- and post-progression disease monitoring were considered. We considered a BRL120,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) (i.e., USD24,511) cost-effectiveness threshold.ResultsWhen compared to docetaxel+ADT, interventions with higher effectiveness gains were abiraterone+docetaxel and darolutamide+docetaxel (0.94 and 0.99 QALY, respectively). Apalutamide and enzalutamide showed the highest incremental cost (BLR637,342 and BLR516,313, [i.e., USD130,187 and USD105,465], respectively). Abiraterone monotherapy or +docetaxel presented the lowest incremental cost–utility ratio (ICUR) (BLR84,960 and BLR79,428/QALY gained [i.e., USD17,354 and USD16,224], respectively) and may be cost effective for the SUS. Apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide may not be cost effective for the SUS as ICUR were higher than the cost-effectiveness threshold. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses or using different distributions for survival curves confirmed the direction of the findings.ConclusionsRecent studies have demonstrated that adding docetaxel or antiandrogen drugs to ADT in men with mCSPC can improve OS and PFS compared with ADT alone. However, in this analysis, only abiraterone was cost effective, and the incorporation of apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide would require substantial price reductions to be cost effective for the SUS.