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"Disclosure of information United States."
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Whistleblowers : Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden and others
Whistleblowers are both celebrated and reviled. They expose illegal or unconscionable actions by a government official or organization, the dangerous practices or financial fraud of a corporation, or the perjury of a high-profile witness. The reasons that motivate whistleblowers are as diverse as the crimes and misdeeds they expose. Through articles written at the time of events, this book introduces readers to some of the most famous whistleblowers in recent history. These include Mark Felt, aka \"Deep Throat,\" whose information helped uncover the Watergate scandal; Chelsea Manning, who, as Bradley Manning, shared classified documents revealing unsavory, untruthful, and potentially illegal activity by the United States government in the Middle East; and Grigory Rodchenkov, the doctor who exposed Russia's state-sponsored doping program.
Book
Coming Clean
Coming Clean is the first book to investigate the process of information disclosure as a policy strategy for environmental protection. This process, which requires that firms disclose information about their environmental performance, is part of an approach to environmental protection that eschews the conventional command-and-control regulatory apparatus, which sometimes leads government and industry to focus on meeting only minimal standards. The authors of Coming Clean examine the effectiveness of information disclosure in achieving actual improvements in corporate environmental performance by analyzing data from the federal government's Toxics Release Inventory, or TRI, and drawing on an original set of survey data from corporations and federal, state, and local officials, among other sources. The authors find that TRI--probably the best-known example of information disclosure--has had a substantial effect over time on the environmental performance of industry. But, drawing on case studies from across the nation, they show that the improvement is not uniform: some facilities have been leaders while others have been laggards. The authors argue that information disclosure has an important role to play in environmental policy--but only as part of an integrated set of policy tools that includes conventional regulation.The hardcover edition does not include a dust jacket.
eBook
How to Comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404
This practical guide offers helpful guidance on how to go about to submitting to the SEC a company's annual assessment of the effectives of their internal control. Complete with practice aids-including forms, checklists, illustrations, diagrams, and tables-this comprehensive book provides a step-by-step approach for engagement performance and practical guidance on how an entity should test and evaluate its internal controls.
eBook
Insurgent Truth
Insurgent Truth argues for the importance of outsider truth-telling to democratic politics and reads Chelsea Manning as an important contemporary outsider truth-teller. Outsider truth-tellers such as Manning tell or enact unsettling truths from a position of social illegibility. Often dismissed as in-credible by their societies, this book argues that their acts and writings reveal problems with dominant models of truth and truth-telling in politics, which often look to truth to offer a prepolitical stable common ground and align credibility with gendered, classed, and raced traits. Focusing on how outsider truth-tellers reveal this supposedly prepolitical common ground to reflect the power and reality of elites, Insurgent Truth argues that outsider truth-telling enacts an important, if risky democratic role in three ways: 1) revealing oppression and violence that the dominant class would otherwise not see; 2) revealing, in their truth-telling, the possibility of another way of living; and 3) disclosing an alternative form of stability via outsider solidarity. Insurgent Truth develops this argument through reading Chelsea Manning’s actions in conjunction with a cohort of other outsider truth-tellers: especially Virginia Woolf, Bayard Rustin, Audre Lorde, and Anna Julia Cooper.
eBook
Democracy by Disclosure
In December 1999, the Institute of Medicine shocked the nation by reporting that as many as 98,000 Americans died each year from mistakes in hospitals--twice the number killed in auto accidents. Instead of strict rules and harsh penalties to reduce those risks, the Institute called for a system of standardized disclosure of medical errors. If it worked, it would create economic and political pressures for hospitals to improve their practices. Since the mid-1980s, Congress and state legislatures have approved scores of new disclosure laws to fight racial discrimination, reduce corruption, and improve services. The most ambitious systems aim to reduce risks in everyday life--risks from toxic pollution, contaminants in drinking water, nutrients in packaged foods, lead paint, workplace hazards, and SUV rollovers. Unlike traditional government warnings, they require corporations and other organizations to produce standardized factual information at regular intervals about risks they create. Legislated transparency has become a mainstream instrument of social policy. Mary Graham argues that these requirements represent a remarkable policy innovation. Enhanced by computers and the Internet, they are creating a new techno-populism--an optimistic conviction that information itself can improve the lives of ordinary citizens and encourage hospitals, manufacturers, food processors, banks, airlines, and other organizations to further public priorities. Drawing on detailed profiles of disclosure systems for toxic releases, nutritional labeling, and medical errors, Graham explains why the move toward greater transparency has flourished during a time of regulatory retrenchment and why corporations have often supported these massive raids on proprietary information. However, Democracy by Disclosure, sounds a cautionary note. Just as systems of financial disclosure have come under new scrutiny in the wake of Enron's collapse, systems of social disclosure deserve careful examination. Behind the seemingly simple idea of transparency, political battles rage over protecting trade secrets, minimizing regulatory burdens, and guarding national security. Like other forms of regulation, disclosure systems can be distorted by narrow scope, flawed metrics, minimal enforcement, or failure to adapt to changing markets and public priorities. Graham urges designers of future systems to heed lessons from early experience to avoid misleading the public.
eBook
Whistleblowers : honesty in America from Washington to Trump
A magisterial exploration of whistleblowing in America, from the Revolutionary War to the Trump era. Misconduct by those in high places is always dangerous to reveal. Whistleblowers thus face conflicting impulses: by challenging and exposing transgressions by the powerful, they perform a vital public service-yet they always suffer for it. This episodic history brings to light how whistleblowing, an important but unrecognized cousin of civil disobedience, has held powerful elites accountable in America. Analyzing a range of whistleblowing episodes, from the corrupt Revolutionary War commodore Esek Hopkins (whose dismissal led in 1778 to the first whistleblower protection law) to Edward Snowden, to the dishonesty of Donald Trump, Allison Stanger reveals the centrality of whistleblowing to the health of American democracy. She also shows that with changing technology and increasing militarization, the exposure of misconduct has grown more difficult to do and more personally costly for those who do it-yet American freedom, especially today, depends on it.
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