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INTRODUCTION We examined differences in emotional distress following amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results disclosure across the cognitive spectrum, including individuals who are cognitively unimpaired, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. METHODS Seventy‐five participants from the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center who completed baseline PET and an initial follow‐up call were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine differences in distress among diagnostic groups, as measured by Impact of Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's Disease (IGT‐AD) adapted for amyloid PET. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed significant associations between diagnostic categories and emotional distress post‐disclosure. Pairwise comparisons indicated that those with normal cognition experienced significantly lower distress compared to MCI and dementia groups, even after controlling for amyloid status. DISCUSSION Emotional distress following amyloid PET disclosure is significantly higher in cognitively symptomatic individuals compared to the asymptomatic, highlighting the need for tailored counseling and support to address the complex psychological effects of disclosure. Highlights Emotional distress was compared across cognitive categories outside trial settings Cognitively unimpaired individuals had significantly lower distress than impaired No significant difference in distress was found between MCI and dementia groups Depression and anxiety did not differ significantly across diagnostic categories

We examined whether men’s distress disclosure would be indirectly associated with psychological distress through feeling understood by others and loneliness as serial or parallel mediators. We conducted path analyses ( N  = 1827 adult men; mean 37.53 years, SD  = 14.14) to test the mediators while controlling for race/ethnicity. Post-hoc multi-group analysis was conducted to examine differences across White and Asian men. The serial mediation model fit the data better than the parallel mediation model. Controlling for race/ethnicity, a significant partial indirect association was found between greater distress disclosure and lower psychological distress through greater feelings of being understood and lower feelings of loneliness. Post-hoc multi-group analysis suggested that the hypothesized paths fit equivalently across White and Asian men, and the direct effect was not significant for Asian men. Our hypothesized serial model also fit the data significantly better than alternative models with distress and the mediators predicting disclosure. Distress disclosure may be a socially conducive strategy for men to feel understood and socially connected, a process that may be associated with lower psychological distress.

Background Mental health literacy is considered an important factor in promoting professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. However, it is important to clarify the emotional and behavioral factors that underlie this association. Drawing from the ABC model of attitudes and the Health Disclosure Decision-Making Model, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological help-seeking stigma and distress disclosure in the relationship between mental health literacy and professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. Methods We collected data from 827 participants in seven regions of China (597 female; M age = 26.019, SD  = 5.592 years old) using self-report measures, including the Mental Health Literacy Scale, Questionnaire of Stigma for Seeking Professional Psychological Help, Distress Disclosure Index, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form. A chain mediation model was built to examine the relationships among mental health literacy, psychological help-seeking stigma, distress disclosure, and professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. Results The results of the analyses showed a positive association between mental health literacy and professional psychological help-seeking attitudes, with psychological help-seeking stigma and distress disclosure playing mediating roles in this relationship. Furthermore, even after controlling for participants’ age, gender, and education, the chain mediation effect of psychological help-seeking stigma and distress disclosure on the relationship between mental health literacy and professional psychological help-seeking attitudes was observed among the Chinese population. Conclusions These findings underscore the significance of mental health literacy in shaping professional psychological help-seeking attitudes, while emphasizing the need to account for psychological help-seeking stigma and distress disclosure when examining this association. Additionally, the model proposed in this study provides a valuable framework for promoting the utilization of professional mental health services.

Loneliness and psychological distress are serious challenges for older adults to cope with and factors threatening life quality and happiness during their remaining years. Older people's attitudes and evaluations towards loneliness potentially affect psychological distress. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between the stigma of loneliness and the psychological distress of older adults, further exploring the mediating effect of distress disclosure and loneliness. Conducted during February and March 2024, the questionnaire survey included 933 older adults (age 65-89) using the Stigma of Loneliness Scale (SLS), Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), UCLA Loneliness scale (ULS-6), and 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). The obtained data were for descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and chain mediation model testing. Stigma of loneliness was significantly positively correlated with loneliness and psychological distress (r=0.61-0.69, p<0.01), and distress disclosure was negatively correlated with stigma of loneliness, loneliness, and psychological distress (r=-0.37--0.48, p<0.01). Stigma of loneliness can not only directly affect the psychological distress of older adults (effect value=0.38), but also indirectly affect psychological distress through the mediating roles of distress disclosure (effect value=0.04) and loneliness (effect value=0.20), and the chain mediating effect of the two (effect value=0.05). The study redounds to the in-depth understanding of the effect of the stigma of loneliness on psychological distress among older people and its internal mechanism. The research results contribute to theoretical reference in explaining the formation background of psychological distress among older cohorts, which intends to provide empirical evidence for intervention studies of reducing psychological distress.

Distress disclosure has been proven to enhance the mental health of nurses. Although previous research has identified a negative association between alexithymia and distress disclosure, studies on their relationship are limited, particularly regarding their potential mediators. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether alexithymia is a negative predictor of distress disclosure among nurses and to explore the mediating effects of resilience between distress disclosure and alexithymia. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals in China, involving 828 nurses. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the predictors of distress disclosure, and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the mediating effect. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that alexithymia and resilience significantly influenced distress disclosure among nurses. Based on SEM analysis, resilience served as a partial mediator of the effects of alexithymia and distress disclosure. The findings of this study suggest that interventions that aim to reduce alexithymia and increase psychological resilience may be beneficial in promoting distress disclosure among nurses.

Nursing students, who need to reflect on self, secure their identity, and be prepared as would-be nurses, can make a good use of post-traumatic growth (PTG) that can function as a catalyst for positive change even amidst this COVID-19 crisis. Emotional regulation strategies in traumatic events are key factors for successful growth, resilience is positively associated with PTG, and distress disclosure is an important factor for stress reduction. In this context, this study is a descriptive research study to identify factors influencing the PTG of nursing students, using emotional regulation, resilience, and distress disclosure as the main variables. Data were collected from 231 junior and senior students of the nursing departments of two universities, and the collected data were analyzed using the t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA, the Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression in SPSS/WIN 26.0. Analysis of the PTG scores of the nursing students by general characteristics revealed significant differences in PTG according to the transfer status, perceived health status, and levels of satisfaction with major, hybrid-learning class, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, and clinical practice. Factors influencing PTG were identified to be resilience, reappraisal among emotional regulation strategies, satisfaction with clinical practice, and transfer, with the overall explanatory power calculated at 44%. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to consider resilience and reappraisal, which is a sub-variable of emotional regulation strategies, in order to develop programs designed to promote PTG of nursing students in the future.

The present study investigated whether cultivating self-compassion facilitates disclosure of self-esteem threatening experiences to others, and whether it does so indirectly by reducing shame. Eighty-five female undergraduates recalled an event that threatened their self-esteem and were randomly assigned to write about it in a self-compassionate (n = 29), self-esteem enhancing (n = 30), or non-directive (free writing; n = 26) way. Participants then learned that self-disclosure can decrease distress and were invited to share their event in writing to a stranger. Contrary to the central hypothesis, there was no main effect of condition on self-disclosure; however, post hoc analyses demonstrated that condition interacted with self-esteem threat to predict length and depth of disclosure. For participants whose events were more self-esteem threatening, cultivating either self-compassion or self-esteem promoted deeper disclosures than free writing, and self-compassionate writing alone fostered longer disclosures. For less self-esteem threatening events, free writing promoted deeper and longer disclosures than cultivating self-compassion or self-esteem. Shame was not a significant mediator. Results highlight the potential utility of self-compassion or self-esteem enhancing interventions for facilitating the disclosure of distressing events that threaten self-worth.

Disclosure of personal distress is linked to important interpersonal and intrapersonal benefits. However, people who tend to view self-disclosure as being risky are likely to conceal their feelings and forgo opportunities to receive valuable social support. One such group of people may be those who fear receiving compassion. The current study of 85 female undergraduates investigated (a) whether fear of receiving compassion would predict decreased distress disclosure and (b) whether inducing a self-compassionate mindset could help to temper the association between fear of receiving compassion and perceived risks of revealing one’s distress to others. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to measure trait-like fears of receiving compassion as well as general distress disclosure tendencies. They were then enrolled in a laboratory experiment in which they recalled a personal past negative experience and were randomly assigned to write about it in a self-compassionate, self-esteem enhancing, or non-directive way. Finally, they rated how risky disclosing their experience would feel and disclosed the event in a written letter to another person. At a trait level, results indicated that the more participants feared receiving compassion, the less they tended to disclose. Moreover, self-compassion training—but neither of the comparison conditions—significantly weakened the positive link between fear of receiving compassion and perceived risks of distress disclosure. These novel findings suggest that practicing self-compassion could help to neutralize the maladaptive relationship between fear of receiving compassion and perceived risk of disclosure.

People often feel the need to disclose their experiences and feelings after experiencing negative events and emotions. Social networking sites (SNSs) offer unprecedented opportunities for broadcasting self-disclosure. However, questions regarding under what conditions, motivated by what goals, and which groups of people tend to post distressing information on SNSs have received insufficient scholarly attention. Rooted in the functional approach of self-disclosure, the current study investigated how network closeness, perceived SNS affordances (i.e., network accessibility, visibility, and visibility control), and depressive symptoms are related to broadcasting distress disclosure tendencies on SNSs via disclosure goals (i.e., support-seeking and emotion expression goals). Working with 398 college students, this study found that network closeness and depressive symptoms were indirectly associated with distress disclosure tendencies on SNSs via support-seeking and emotion expression goals. Also, anticipated negative evaluations as subjective risks moderated the associations between disclosure goals and distress disclosure tendencies on SNSs. The results further reveal that, although network accessibility can be a catalyst for emotional disclosures, the intimacy of one’s network may play a more important role in terms of enhancing support-seeking and emotional expressions on SNSs. Another implication of this study is that the potential effects of perceived visibility may depend on perceived visibility control and self-presentational concerns. Together, this study extends the functional model of self-disclosure on SNSs and offers a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of distress disclosures on SNSs.

In this correlational study, we examined the relations between various sources of body image pressure, internalization of ideals for thinness, muscularity, and attractiveness, body image discrepancies, emotional distress, and self-disclosure difficulties (SDD) regarding diet, body image, and emotional distress to coaches, parents, peers, and teammates among 150 female collegiate athletes (Mage = 19.83). Ratings of body image pressure were strongest from social media (SM), followed by parents, coaches, teammates, and nonathlete peers. SDD was higher in relation to coaches, followed by parents, peers, and teammates. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated SDD to coaches, parents, and teammates was significantly associated with pressure from within the same relationship and depression. SDD to nonathlete peers, however, was significantly predicted by SM pressure and depression. Last, parallel multiple mediation analyses indicated that the association between body image pressure and SDD to coaches, parents, and teammates was partially mediated by internalization of ideals for thinness and attractiveness and emotional distress, while the association between SM pressure and SDD to nonathlete peers was partially mediated by emotional distress. Dans cette étude corrélationnelle, nous avons examiné les relations entre diverses sources de pression sur l'image corporelle, l'intériorisation des idéaux de minceur, de musculature et d'attractivité, les divergences d'image corporelle, la détresse émotionnelle et les difficultés liées à la révélation de soi concernant l'alimentation, l'image corporelle et la détresse émotionnelle auprès des entraîneurs, des parents, des pairs et des coéquipiers parmi 150 athlètes féminines universitaires (âge médian = 19,83). La pression exercée par les médias sociaux sur l'image corporelle était la plus forte, suivie par les parents, les entraîneurs, les coéquipiers et les pairs non sportifs. Les difficultés liées à la révélation de soi étaient plus élevées dans les relations avec les entraîneurs, suivies par les parents, les pairs et les coéquipiers. Les analyses de régression multiple ont montré que les difficultés liées à la révélation de soi par rapport aux entraîneurs, aux parents et aux coéquipiers étaient significativement associées à la pression exercée par la même relation et à la dépression. Les difficultés liées à la révélation de soi par rapport aux pairs non athlètes, en revanche, étaient significativement prédites par la pression des médias sociaux sur l'image corporelle et par la dépression. Enfin, les analyses parallèles de médiation multiple ont indiqué que l'association entre la pression exercée par l'image corporelle et les difficultés liées à la révélation de soi par rapport aux entraîneurs, aux parents et aux coéquipiers étaient partiellement influencées par l'intériorisation des idéaux de minceur et d'attractivité et par la détresse émotionnelle, tandis que l'association entre la pression exercée par les médias sociaux et les difficultés liées à la révélation de soi par rapport aux pairs non athlètes était partiellement influencée par la détresse émotionnelle. Public Significance Statement Body image pressure from coaches, parents, teammates, nonathlete peers, and social media relates to athletes' willingness to self-disclose concerns with body image, diet, and emotional distress to others. Pressure may also inhibit self-disclosure by increasing cultural ideals for thinness and attractiveness and levels of depression.