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"Distributive justice."
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Relative Leader-Member Exchange and Unethical Pro-leader Behavior: The Role of Envy and Distributive Justice Climate
In the team context, leaders usually develop differentiated leader-member exchange relationships with employees, resulting in some employees having relatively inferior relationships with the leader than others. Nevertheless, how and when employees with low relative leader-member exchange (RLMX) relationships react toward the leader have been rarely considered in empirical research. Drawing upon social comparison theory, we develop a cross-level moderated mediation model to examine how and when RLMX may lead to employee’s unethical pro-leader behavior (UPLB). We propose that employees with low RLMX would feel envy which in turn motivates them to engage in UPLB in order to gain the rewards and resources that are distributed by the leader. Further, we argue that envy is less likely to motivate low RLMX employees to engage in UPLB when distributive justice climate is high, because high distributive justice indicates that rewards and resources are distributed fairly (based on work contribution rather than engaging in unethical behaviors that please the leader). Data were obtained from 504 employees in 102 divisional teams in a large retail corporation at three time points. Results of the multilevel moderated mediation analysis show that envy mediates the effect of RLMX on UPLB and that the indirect relationship is moderated by team-level distributive justice climate. These findings suggest the importance of adopting a social comparison perspective to understand the negative consequences of RLMX via emotional mechanisms.
Journal Article
Income Inequality, Distributive Justice Beliefs, and Happiness in China
Recently, increasing numbers of scholars have given attention to the mechanism connecting income inequality and happiness. This paper uses a multilevel model to verify the effect of income inequality at the city level on happiness and its moderating effect in China. It is found that income inequality is highly correlated to individual happiness. In the context of the transition China, people are inclined to report more happiness in places where income inequality is lower, after controlling for a number of demographic variables and economic factors. Moreover, this negative effect is relatively robust and significant, regardless of estimates with different covariates. It is worth noting that personal distributive justice beliefs play a momentous role in happiness. Specifically, as an effective social psychological mechanism, they can alleviate the negative effects of income inequality on happiness. A vital implication of the findings for social policy is that the model of economic development should be based on equity and justice and become a consistent source of happiness in this transitional period in China.
Journal Article
Enough is too much: the excessiveness objection to sufficientarianism
The standard version of sufficientarianism maintains that providing people with enough, or as close to enough as is possible, is lexically prior to other distributive goals. This article argues that this is excessive – more than distributive justice allows – in four distinct ways. These concern the magnitude of advantage, the number of beneficiaries, responsibility and desert, and above-threshold distribution. Sufficientarians can respond by accepting that providing enough unconditionally is more than distributive justice allows, instead balancing sufficiency against other considerations.
Journal Article
Why inequality matters : luck egalitarianism, its meaning and value
\"Equality is a key concept in our moral and political vocabulary. There is wide agreement on its instrumental value and its favourable impact on many aspects of society, but less certainty over whether it has a non-instrumental or intrinsic value that can be demonstrated. In this project, Shlomi Segall explores and defends the view that it does. He argues that the value of equality is not reducible to a concern we might have for the worse off, or to ensuring that individuals do not fall into poverty and destitution; instead he claims that undeserved inequalities, wherever and whenever we might find them, are bad in themselves. Assessing the strength of competing accounts, such as sufficientarianism and prioritarianism, he brings together for the first time discussions of the moral value of equality with luck- or responsibility-sensitive accounts of distributive justice. His book will interest readers in political and moral philosophy\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The theory of taxation and public economics
The Theory of Taxation and Public Economicspresents a unified conceptual framework for analyzing taxation--the first to be systematically developed in several decades. An original treatment of the subject rather than a textbook synthesis, the book contains new analysis that generates novel results, including some that overturn long-standing conventional wisdom. This fresh approach should change thinking, research, and teaching for decades to come.
Building on the work of James Mirrlees, Anthony Atkinson and Joseph Stiglitz, and subsequent researchers, and in the spirit of classics by A. C. Pigou, William Vickrey, and Richard Musgrave, this book steps back from particular lines of inquiry to consider the field as a whole, including the relationships among different fiscal instruments. Louis Kaplow puts forward a framework that makes it possible to rigorously examine both distributive and distortionary effects of particular policies despite their complex interactions with others. To do so, various reforms--ranging from commodity or estate and gift taxation to regulation and public goods provision--are combined with a distributively offsetting adjustment to the income tax. The resulting distribution-neutral reform package holds much constant while leaving in play the distinctive effects of the policy instrument under consideration. By applying this common methodology to disparate subjects,The Theory of Taxation and Public Economicsproduces significant cross-fertilization and yields solutions to previously intractable problems.
eBook
Justice at Work
A pathbreaking look at how progressive policy change for
economic justice has swept U.S. cities
In the 2010s cities and counties across the United States
witnessed long-overdue change as they engaged more than ever before
with questions of social, economic, and racial justice. After
decades of urban economic restructuring that intensified class
divides and institutional and systemic racism, dozens of local
governments countered the conventional wisdom that cities couldn't
address inequality-enacting progressive labor market policies, from
$15 minimum wages to paid sick leave.
Justice at Work examines the mutually reinforcing roles
of economic and racial justice organizing and policy
entrepreneurship in building power and support for policy changes.
Bridging urban social movement and urban politics studies, it
demonstrates how economic and racial justice coalitions are
collectively the critical institution underpinning progressive
change. It also shows that urban policy change is driven by \"urban
policy entrepreneurs\" who use public space and the intangible
resources of the city to open \"agenda windows\" for progressive
policy proposals incubated through national networks.
Through case studies of organizing and policy change efforts in
cities including Chicago, Seattle, and New Orleans around minimum
wages, targeted hiring, paid time off, fair scheduling, and
anti-austerity, Marc Doussard and Greg Schrock show that the
contemporary wave of successful progressive organizing efforts is
likely to endure. Yet they caution that success is dependent on
skillful organizing that builds and sustains power at the
grassroots-and skillful policy work inside City Hall. By promoting
justice at-and increasingly beyond-work, these movements hold the
potential to unlock a new model for inclusive economic development
in cities.
eBook