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Carbon fiber-reinforced composites are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their exceptional mechanical properties. However, the dome region of composite pressure vessels is prone to stress concentrations under internal pressure, often resulting in premature failure and reduced burst strength. This study developed a finite element model of a reinforced dome structure, which showed excellent agreement with hydrostatic test results, with less than 5.9% deviation in strain measurements. To optimize key reinforcement parameters, a high-accuracy surrogate model based on a backpropagation neural network was integrated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The results indicate that compared to the unreinforced dome, the optimized structure reduced the maximum fiber-aligned stress in the dome region by 6.8%; moreover, it achieved a 9.3% reduction in overall mass compared to the unoptimized reinforced configuration. These findings contribute to the structural optimization of composite pressure vessel domes.

Steel dome structures, with their striking structural forms, take a place among the impressive and aesthetic load bearing systems featuring large internal spaces without internal columns. In this paper, the seismic design optimization of spatial steel dome structures is achieved through three recent metaheuristic algorithms that are water strider (WS), grey wolf (GW), and brain storm optimization (BSO). The structural elements of the domes are treated as design variables collected in member groups. The structural stress and stability limitations are enforced by ASD-AISC provisions. Also, the displacement restrictions are considered in design procedure. The metaheuristic algorithms are encoded in MATLAB interacting with SAP2000 for gathering structural reactions through open application programming interface (OAPI). The optimum spatial steel dome designs achieved by proposed WS, GW, and BSO algorithms are compared with respect to solution accuracy, convergence rates, and reliability, utilizing three real-size design examples for considering both the previously reported optimum design results obtained by classical metaheuristic algorithms and a gradient descent-based hyperband optimization (HBO) algorithm.

Reinforced concrete shell structures produced using an inflated form are widely used in large‐span thin‐shell spatial structures. Unlike the construction technology of traditional concrete building structures, this method involves prefabricating the membrane material into a designed shape as the construction framework. After inflation, a polyurethane layer is sprayed, steel bars are placed, and concrete is sprayed inside the inflatable membrane. This innovative construction method effectively addresses the issues of complex framework procedures, high costs, and difficulty in concrete pouring in traditional thin concrete shell construction, offering significant advantages. However, despite its wide application in the industrial sector and the gradual maturation of related construction techniques, the structure still faces many technical challenges that need to be addressed. Existing research remains insufficient in areas such as standardization processes, material performance optimization, and long‐term durability, which limit the further development and application of this technology. Although there have been some related reviews, most of them have not comprehensively covered all the key technologies in this field. This article provides the first systematic review, filling the research gap in the existing literature. By reviewing the relevant background, structural forms, engineering applications, and key technologies of reinforced concrete shell structures produced using an inflated form, this article proposes several improvements for these technical challenges and discusses future research directions, particularly in the areas of standardization processes, material performance optimization, and long‐term durability.

Multiple magma storage levels are commonly recognized beneath magmatic systems and may play an important role in the processes leading to the build-up of large silicic magma chambers in the crust, with possible critical implications for the occurrence of explosive eruptions. Within such reservoirs, interactions between different magmas due to new recharge events are common processes, as demonstrated by the presence of mafic enclaves, which also reveal the occurrence of magma immiscibility conditions. In Nisyros (Greece), the two most recent eruptive events are the caldera-forming explosive eruption of the Upper Pumice (UP) and the following effusive activity of the Post Caldera Domes (PCD), which emplaced a thick pyroclastic deposit and six main lava domes, both hosting mafic components as crystal-rich clasts (CRCs) and enclaves, respectively. These two eruptions show differences in the abundance, petrographic characteristics, mineral chemistry, and geochemical and isotopic signatures of their mafic components, as well as in the extent of their mingling processes, indicating that the magma interaction conditions were different, possibly related to a change in the magma chamber dynamics and/or in the deeper feeding system structure. In this work, we investigated the textural characteristics and mineral chemistry of the products erupted by these two eruptive episodes, exploring their crystallization histories and the possible variations in physical conditions to reconstruct the structure of the plumbing system throughout the two phases of activities. Our results revealed the occurrence of evident mineral disequilibria within CRCs and enclaves related to their rapid crystallization due to the undercooling within the host. In the PCD systems, mineral disequilibria are also related to the extensive crystal transfer from the host to the enclaves and vice versa, generating mingling at the microscale, which increases with time. The application of geothermobarometers records progressively higher pressure from the UP to the PCD under similar temperature conditions. This indicates a deepening of the main eruptible reservoir, sampled by the PCD activity, after the UP–caldera collapse. Between the two periods, an interconnected evolved magma-rich system developed through new inputs of mafic melts that refilled and reheated the system, progressively mingling with the host and generating new conditions for the eruption.

An essential tool for facilitating human activity in a space is lighting. A suitable system is necessary for natural lighting in order to maximize the amount of light that enters the structure. The mosque dome’s apertures can both convey strong light radiation into the mosque and increase the amount of light that enters the building. This study examines well-placed and efficient apertures in mosques’ natural lighting systems. The objective of this study is to assess the degree of visual comfort experienced by the congregation at the Baiturrahman Mosque Lhokseumawe, as well as to analyze the quality of the natural lighting system created by openings through the mosque dome. The evaluation will be based on user perceptions. To determine the results of light illumination using a luxmeter, a quantitative approach including field measurements is employed. The field data indicate that the mosque has a high degree of light illumination. Respondents are indifferent, as evidenced by the degree of visual comfort produced by the questionnaire procedure. Future studies that examine the efficacy of roof apertures as a natural lighting system on mosque roofs may find this research instructive. In accordance with SNI 03-2396-2001 guidelines, natural lighting is the primary source of illumination in mosques. The Baiturrahman Mosque’s respondents’ visual comfort ratings corroborate this, demonstrating the usefulness of the roof openings for lighting access. encountered at Lhokseumawe City at the Baiturrahman Mosque.

Optimal sensor placement (OSP) is a challenging combinatorial problem commonly addressed using Genetic algorithms (GAs), which are well suited to discrete problems. However, coding the problem can be difficult and often requires manual modifications during optimization. On the other hand, applying optimization methods designed for continuous problems to OSP is problematic due to its discrete nature. In this study, we propose a novel triple-structure coding approach that transforms OSP into a permutation and then a continuous optimization problem. This solves gene duplication in GAs and enables direct employment of all suitable methods for continuous problems in sensor placement optimization without any manual intervention. We evaluated the proposed method by implementing the encoding scheme with GA and mutated particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithms, two of the most renowned evolutionary algorithms. Additionally, we integrate modal identification within the optimization process for addressing the practicality of mode shape identification in a high-rise structure and a steel dome truss. The proposed coding reduces the cost of GA by 7 to 10 percent and MPSO by 25 to 54 percent, showcasing advancements in cost reduction within the context of sensor placement optimization. Moreover, the percentage of shared nodes in placements obtained from analytical and modal identification dropped to 34% in certain scenarios for the high-rise structure and 26% for the steel dome truss. This emphasizes the substantial distinctions in placements resulting from modal identification using structural responses compared to those obtained exclusively from analytical mode shapes.

The paper analyses the effect of wind load on the dynamic responses of two domes. This is not a standard design situation, therefore static analysis alone is not sufficient. The main objective of this paper is to compare the results obtained from the application of dynamic equilibrium equations and those obtained from static analysis. The authors wanted to determine the sensitivity of the domes to the wind load. Inertial forces and dynamic equilibrium equations were taken into account in the calculations. The integration of the equations of motion was performed using the unconditionally stable version of Newmark’s method. Numerical calculations were performed using the author’s MES3D program. Two patterns and two heights of single-layer steel domes were considered, i.e. a low Schwedler dome and a high geodesic dome. The structural stability and damping capacity of the domes were compared. The analysis includes a modal study to determine the natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration modes. Then, the displacements and accelerations of the keystone of both domes were assessed.

Safe preservation of the trailing ornamentations of the historical domes of Isfahan to these days is a well-known fact for the architects and artists of the field. A vast knowledge and mastery are required from the earliest phases of tile-baking up to the artistic executions of faience-mosaics as well as the supply and processing of gypsum, let alone a firm grasp of traditional geometry due to a complicated course of construction and restoration of faience-mosaics of the domes. Better conservation and maintenance of the architecture is demanded due to the historical, moral, and aesthetical significance of the tiled domes of Isfahan, i.e., their historical symbolism. One should firstly gain an acquaintance with the restoration methods of tiling from the earliest time to present. The study relied on the restoration process of three main historical domes of Isfahan, namely those of Jame-Abbasi and Sheikh Lotfollah mosques and of Madrese-ye chahar-Bagh.

The structural concept of the dome dates back to the Pantheon in Rome. It is used as the cover of many churches and mosques all around the world. Light solutions, with a well-visible dome-shaped truss skeleton, are often preferred in modern architecture. Base isolation techniques can be adopted to mitigate the seismic effects. This paper aims to investigate the efficiency of different designs for the truss skeleton. To solve the problem, one has to assign the constraints, the materials and the geometry of the dome, its supporting structure and the isolation devices (number, locations, and type). The screening of the effects of different scheme assumptions on structural behaviour provides a better insight into the problem.

The method for the formation of a spatial construction of a hemispherical dome in the form of an icosahedral-type 320-gon is considered. The description of pentagonal pyramidal fragments, included in the structure of the dome frame, is described. Constructive solutions of nodal connections of the dome core rods are presented. The results of the design are shown in the illustrations.