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The Rights Movement for Domestic Workers in the Philippines
Until recently, two types of domestic worker –migrant domestic workers and local domestic workers– had seldom been considered as workers in the same sector in the Philippines. However, during the ratification campaign for ILO 189 Convention for Decent Work for Domestic Workers, or C189 and the creation and enactment of the Batas Kasambahay, a local law under C189, the two types of domestic worker have started to connect and even work together for the first time in various ways. In this, the labor union of the Philippines, which used not to be an active advocate for migrant domestic workers’ rights, has emerged as a new actor during and after the ratification of C189. This article will explore how the ratification of C189 had an impact on both migrant domestic workers and local domestic workers’ rights movements in the Philippines.
Journal Article
Caring for the ‘holy land’
In Israel, as in numerous countries of the global North, Filipina women have been recruited in large numbers for domestic work, typically as live-in caregivers for the elderly. The case of Israel is unique in that the country has a special significance as the 'Holy Land' for the predominantly devout Christian Filipina women and is at the center of an often violent conflict, which affects Filipinos in many ways. In the literature, migrant domestic workers are often described as being subject to racial discrimination, labour exploitation and exclusion from mainstream society. Here, the author provides a more nuanced account and shows how Filipina caregivers in Israel have succeeded in creating their own collective spaces, as well as negotiating rights and belonging. While maintaining transnational ties and engaging in border-crossing journeys, these women seek to fulfill their dreams of a better life. During this process, new socialities and subjectivities emerge that point to a form of global citizenship in the making, consisting of greater social, economic and political rights within a highly gendered and racialized global economy.
eBook
DIVERSIFIED TRANSNATIONAL MOTHERING VIA TELECOMMUNICATION: Intensive, Collaborative, and Passive
Recent research argues that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) has created a new channel through which transnational mothers can fulfill their maternal duties from afar. However, the literature pays little attention to the diversity of mothering practices via telecommunication. To fill this gap, our qualitative research on Filipina domestic workers in Hong Kong elaborates on the complexity and diversity of transnational mothering via mobile communication by demonstrating three patterns for the performance of maternal duties: intensive, collaborative, and passive mothering. We argue that transnational mothering via telecommunication is shaped by the intersection of mothers' agency, children's responses, and substitute caregivers' role in child care.
Journal Article
No man’s land
From South Africa in the nineteenth century to Hong Kong today, nations around the world, including the United States, have turned to guestworker programs to manage migration. These temporary labor recruitment systems represented a state-brokered compromise between employers who wanted foreign workers and those who feared rising numbers of immigrants. Unlike immigrants, guestworkers couldn't settle, bring their families, or become citizens, and they had few rights. Indeed, instead of creating a manageable form of migration, guestworker programs created an especially vulnerable class of labor.
Based on a vast array of sources from U.S., Jamaican, and English archives, as well as interviews,No Man's Landtells the history of the American \"H2\" program, the world's second oldest guestworker program. Since World War II, the H2 program has brought hundreds of thousands of mostly Jamaican men to the United States to do some of the nation's dirtiest and most dangerous farmwork for some of its biggest and most powerful agricultural corporations, companies that had the power to import and deport workers from abroad. Jamaican guestworkers occupied a no man's land between nations, protected neither by their home government nor by the United States. The workers complained, went on strike, and sued their employers in class action lawsuits, but their protests had little impact because they could be repatriated and replaced in a matter of hours.
No Man's Landputs Jamaican guestworkers' experiences in the context of the global history of this fast-growing and perilous form of labor migration.
eBook
FROM \BALCONY TALK\ AND \PRACTICAL PRAYERS\ TO ILLEGAL COLLECTIVES: Migrant Domestic Workers and Meso-Level Resistances in Lebanon
In this study I highlight the spatial exclusions that migrant domestic workers (MDWs) experience in Lebanon. I argue that migrant domestic workers constantly challenge such spatial exclusions by using the exact spaces that they are excluded from as the bases for a meso-level of resistances—strategic acts that cannot be classified as either private and individual or as organized collective action. I highlight three kinds of such resistive activities: the strategic dyads forged across balconies by the most restricted live-in workers, the small collectives formed outside ethnic churches by other live-in workers, and much larger worker collectives (that often cross national borders) in rental apartments occupied by illegal freelancers and runaways. By analyzing these spaces as strategic instances of workers' collectives, I question the portrayal of MDWs in the Arab world as ultimate and defeated victims of abuse. But the continuum of resistive activities undertaken by MDWs in Lebanon also challenges the dichotomies often constructed between public (overt and organized) and private (individual and symbolic) forms of organization and resistances. This meso-level of resistance becomes particularly significant in a country like Lebanon, where MDWs are forbidden from forming or joining formal unions, and becomes critical for workers from many countries in Africa and South Asia who, unlike the larger Filipina community, have little access to formal support systems like consulates and embassies.
Journal Article
The Rights Movement for Domestic Workers in the Philippines
Until recently, two types of domestic worker –migrant domestic workers and local domestic workers– had seldom been considered as workers in the same sector in the Philippines. However, during the ratification campaign for ILO 189 Convention for Decent Work for Domestic Workers, or C189 and the creation and enactment of the Batas Kasambahay, a local law under C189, the two types of domestic worker have started to connect and even work together for the first time in various ways. In this, the labor union of the Philippines, which used not to be an active advocate for migrant domestic workers’ rights, has emerged as a new actor during and after the ratification of C189. This article will explore how the ratification of C189 had an impact on both migrant domestic workers and local domestic workers’ rights movements in the Philippines.
Journal Article
Born out of place
Hong Kong is a meeting place for migrant domestic workers, traders, refugees, asylum seekers, tourists, businessmen, and local residents. In Born Out of Place, Nicole Constable looks at the experiences of Indonesian and Filipina women in this Asian world city. Giving voice to the stories of these migrant mothers, their South Asian, African, Chinese, and Western expatriate partners, and their Hong Kong–born babies, Constable raises a serious question: Do we regard migrants as people, or just as temporary workers? This accessible ethnography provides insight into global problems of mobility, family, and citizenship and points to the consequences, creative responses, melodramas, and tragedies of labor and migration policies.
eBook
Filipina domestic workers, violent insecurity, testimonial theatre and transnational ambivalence
From conventional social scientific interview material, we have developed a testimonial play that focuses on the intimate violence of a state-regulated temporary worker programme in Canada. Taking the play to the Philippines has raised questions about the contextuality of interpretation. How easily do our scholarly narratives travel between global north and south? How might we use our research to stage nuanced transnational conversations about issues that are experienced differently in different places?
Journal Article