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The behavior and operation parameters were analyzed for the hybrid LNT-SCR (Lean NOx-Trap–Selective Catalytic Reduction) system with advanced catalyst formulations. Pt-Ba-K/Al2O3 was used as an NSR (NOx Storage and Reduction) or LNT catalyst effective in NOx and soot simultaneous removal whereas Cu-SAPO-34 with 2 wt.% of copper inside the structure was the small pore zeolite employed as the SCR catalyst. Under alternating and cyclic wet conditions, feeding volumetric concentrations of 1000 ppm of NO, 3% of O2, 1.5% of water, 0.3% of CO2, and H2 as a reductant, the NOx-conversion values were above 95% and a complete mineralization to nitrogen was registered using θ ≤ 3 (20 s of regeneration) and a hydrogen content between 10,000 and 2000 ppm in the whole temperature range tested. An excess of hydrogen fed (above 1% v/v) during the rich phase is unnecessary. In addition, in the low temperature range below 250 °C, the effect is more noticeable due to the further ammonia production and its possible slip. These results open the way to the scale up of the coupled catalytic technologies for its use in real conditions while controlling the influence of the operation map.

This article provides a window onto the gendered nature of our lives through the study of sleep. Drawing on empirical data from focus groups and audio sleep diaries, the article explores sleep from the perspective of mid-life women. It shows that sleep is a socially patterned phenomenon which reflects the gendered nature of women's multiple roles and responsibilities. For many women in mid-life, the reality of sleep is one of disruption, with the bedroom becoming an 'invisible workplace' in which women's sleep needs are compromised by the unpaid physical and emotional labour necessary for the well-being and maintenance of their family. The article suggests that the sleep context may represent a further arena in which gender inequalities are manifest, both in relation to the patterns of women's sleep and in women's responses to sleep disruption.

The objective of this work was to study the fast pyrolysis of a diglyceride intermediate compound during the conversion of triglycerides to fatty acids, esters and/or hydrocarbons. Dilaurin was selected as a model compound. Pyrolysis was conducted in a micro-pyrolyzer coupled to GC-MS equipment at 500, 550 and 600 °C for 15 s in the presence of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the catalyst. Results were compared to pyrolysis data using γ-Al2O3 as a catalyst. At 600 °C with Na2CO3 almost total conversion of diglyceride was obtained, with the formation of 41.3% hydrocarbons (C3 to C13). In the same conditions using alumina as a catalyst 68.5% of hydrocarbons were obtained. Na2CO3 presented itself as an efficient feedstock modifier, allowing pre-cracking and partial deoxygenation of the load. The use of the Na2CO3 and γ-Al2O3 conjugated system in layers reduced the fatty acid content in the products, increasing both the reagent conversion and the hydrocarbon variety (C3 to C23). This work suggests that the use of a double bed catalytic reactor is suitable for performing a deoxygenating pretreatment and producing hydrocarbons compatible with current liquid fuels, being potentially useful for more complex raw materials such as those from biomass treatments.

Unlike common jacquard fabrics, the warp-knitted double-needle bed creel jacquard fabric has more unique patterns, which allows to knit two-needle stitch structure on both ground guide bars and jacquard bars. It increases the pattern design complexity and has applications in many fields. However, due to the complex jacquard displacement signals and patterns, the actual patterns and structures remains elusive during the design process. Here, we propose a 3D (three-dimensional) simulation method for the warp-knitted double-needle bed creel jacquard fabric. The knitting parameters are established as mathematical models, by which the jacquard displacement signals can be simplified to numbers to combine with the basic chain notations. The spatial structure of the fabric is analyzed and a 3D stitch-layer model is generated. The simulation results show that through this modeling method, all stitches are arranged in an orderly manner at the appropriate layer, making the stitch position clearer and the 3D structure of the fabric easier to be observed.

An external radial magnetic field and built-in stainless steel balls formed a magnetic suspended layer (MSL), as observed in this study. Under the condition of crossflow inflow, the flocculating agent and coagulant aids form a flocculated particles suspension layer (FPSL). Thus a double suspended fluidized bed reactor was constructed to treat bathing wastewater. A particle image velocimetry device was used to detect flow patterns and analyze the flocculation conditions. The results showed that under the condition of crossflow inflow, at the same time, the flooding water was 0.023–2.101 m3/h, and the dosage of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylic amide (PAM) was 90 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, and removal rates of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) reached more than 99, 90, and 80%. Filtration, grid flocculation and particle interception were functions of the MSL. Meanwhile, the crossflow input created additional vortexes, increasing the likelihood of flocculation particle collision, improving the flocculation conditions and cleaning the MSL. The reactor aids in the development of the initial flocculated particles suspension layer, flocculation strengthening, chemical dosage reduction, effluent qualities improvement, and effluent stability maintenance.

This article examines the advent of twin beds as a common sleeping arrangement for English couples. Through an analysis of a range of sources from the late nineteenth to mid twentieth centuries—marketing materials, advertisements, domestic, decorative and marital advice books and novels and films—it argues that while twin beds were initially recommended by proponents of the domestic sanitation movement as part of a raft of hygiene measures, by the 1920s they had become a fashionable item of bedroom furniture for modern couples in ‘companionate’ marriages. It was in this context that Marie Stopes, in her popular marital advice books, railed against them as an ‘invention of the devil’, symptomatic of the evils of modernity, and endangering the happiness of the modern married couple. The article concludes that, despite these changing contexts of consumption, the significance of the history of twin beds needs to be understood through the intersecting discourses of domesticity, health and sexuality.

Production of clean energy from biomass through thermochemical conversion techniques has gained substantial momentum over the last decades. The biomass gasification is a noteworthy thermochemical conversion technique due to its varied advantages like feed material flexibility and ease of operation. Here in this work, the effects of applying air preheating for the gasification of biomass (dry wood) under varied particle size (100, 300 and 800 µm) and its outcome are simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0. Two-fluid model is used for the simulation study with distinct phases—air (Phase-1) and wood (Phase-2). The boundary conditions are applied, and the simulation results obtained are matched with available studies. The inlet velocity of the gasifying medium is varied from 0-3m/s analogous to the bubbling fluidized bed velocity range. The gasification temperature ranges are 973, 1073 and 1173 K. The simulations are conducted with and without preheated air in a double-tapered bubbling fluidized bed reactor having taper angle of 5°.The fluid velocity and taper angle play an essential role in controlling the solid particle suspension rate inside the reactor chamber. However, the air preheating maintains the overall reactor temperature that enhances the solid–gas conversion rate.

The origins of this paper lay in making beds by putting pieces of plywood on a frame: If beds need to be 4 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 3 inches, and plywood comes in 4-foot by 8-foot sheets, how should one cut the plywood to minimize waste (and have stable beds)? The problem is of course generalized.