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But while the memory of the conscription campaigns once loomed large, it has increasingly been overshadowed by a preoccupation with the sacrifice and heroism of Australian soldiers a preoccupation that has been reinforced during the centennial commemorations.

Bruce Dancis arrived at Cornell University in 1965 as a youth who was no stranger to political action. He grew up in a radical household and took part in the 1963 March on Washington as a fifteen-year-old. He became the first student at Cornell to defy the draft by tearing up his draft card and soon became a leader of the draft resistance movement. He also turned down a student deferment and refused induction into the armed services. He was the principal organizer of the first mass draft card burning during the Vietnam War, an activist in the Resistance (a nationwide organization against the draft), and a cofounder and president of the Cornell chapter of Students for a Democratic Society. Dancis spent nineteen months in federal prison in Ashland, Kentucky, for his actions against the draft. In Resister, Dancis not only gives readers an insider's account of the antiwar and student protest movements of the sixties but also provides a rare look at the prison experiences of Vietnam-era draft resisters. Intertwining memory, reflection, and history, Dancis offers an engaging firsthand account of some of the era's most iconic events, including the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the Abbie Hoffman-led \"hippie invasion\" of the New York Stock Exchange, the antiwar confrontation at the Pentagon in 1967, and the dangerous controversy that erupted at Cornell in 1969 involving African American students, their SDS allies, and the administration and faculty. Along the way, Dancis also explores the relationship between the topical folk and rock music of the era and the political and cultural rebels who sought to change American society.

A common conception about the Vietnam War is that working class men were drafted to fight, while young men of privilege managed to dodge their responsibility. While there is some truth to this generalization, there is also much confusion. The present essay explains the means that men from different walks of life used for avoiding the draft, keying on the advantage for those with a college background. The author's personal experience as a draftee is recounted to exemplify that when men with college deferments completed school and were drafted, their prospects included preferred job assignments in the army that kept them out of harm's way.

Honorable mention, 2007 Lewis Mumford Prize, American Society of City and Regional Planning The nineteenth century was the golden age of the horse. In urban America, the indispensable horse provided the power for not only vehicles that moved freight, transported passengers, and fought fires but also equipment in breweries, mills, foundries, and machine shops. Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr, prominent scholars of American urban life, here explore the critical role that the horse played in the growing nineteenth-century metropolis. Using such diverse sources as veterinary manuals, stable periodicals, teamster magazines, city newspapers, and agricultural yearbooks, they examine how the horses were housed and fed and how workers bred, trained, marketed, and employed their four-legged assets. Not omitting the problems of waste removal and corpse disposal, they touch on the municipal challenges of maintaining a safe and productive living environment for both horses and people and the rise of organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In addition to providing an insightful account of life and work in nineteenth-century urban America, The Horse in the City brings us to a richer understanding of how the animal fared in this unnatural and presumably uncomfortable setting.

Exposure Draft IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information (General Requirements Exposure Draft) was published by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) in March 2022 as a standard for how to present sustainability-related information. The goal of this research is to analyse the feedback received on the initial exposure draft of the IFRS S1. The goal will be reached by using content analysis to bring out the opinions of respondents and show how the standard is moving. This would give the public a full set of financial information related to sustainability. The goal of the public consultation is to create a global database of sustainability-related presentations that investors can use to figure out how much an enterprise is worth. Because both financial and non-financial information is important, the public is very supportive of the ISSB s proposal, as shown by the large number of comment letters that were sent. Sustainability and reporting are usually each dealt with in their own document. But more and more businesses are putting together a single report that includes information about the environment, sustainability, staff, and the business as a whole.

Beginning with the negotiations that concluded with the unanimous adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide on December 9, 1948, and extending to the present day, the United States, Soviet Union/Russia, China, United Kingdom, and France have put forth great effort to ensure that they will not be implicated in the crime of genocide. If this were to fail, they have also ensured that holding any of them accountable for genocide will be practically impossible. By situating genocide prevention in a system of territorial jurisdiction; by excluding protection for political groups and acts constituting cultural genocide from the Genocide Convention; by controlling when genocide is meaningfully named at the Security Council; and by pointing the responsibility to protect in directions away from any of the P-5, they have achieved what can only be described as practical impunity for genocide. The Politics of Genocide is the first book to explicitly demonstrate how the permanent member nations have exploited the Genocide Convention to isolate themselves from the reach of the law, marking them as \"outlaw states.\"

The National Football League draft is one of the most important events in the creation of a successful franchise in professional American football. Selecting players as part of the draft process, however, is difficult, as a multitude of factors affect decisions to opt for one player over another; a few of these include collegiate statistics, team need and fit, and physical potential. In this paper, we utilize a machine learning approach, with various types of models, to optimize the NFL draft and, in turn, enhance team performances. We compare the selections made by the system to the real athletes selected, and assess which of the picks would have been more impactful for the respective franchise. The specific investigation allows for further research by altering the weighting of specific factors and their significance in this decision-making process to land on the ideal player based on what a specific team desires. Using artificial intelligence in this process can produce more consistent results than high-risk traditional methods. Our approach extends beyond a basic Random Forest classifier by simulating complete draft scenarios with player attributes and team needs weighted. This allows comparison of different draft strategies (best-player-available vs. need-based) and demonstrates improved prediction accuracy over conventional methods.

\"1 Next, in the U.S., the Governmental Accounting Standard Board (GASB) began a process to rename the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report to avoid the phonetics of its acronym, CAFR, which sounds just like the racial slur yet is used in everyday U.S. government parlance. Board members noted that the decision should not set a precedent for future codification instructions. * GASB discussed whether the \"materiality box\" is relevant to a statement that does not affect the amounts reported in annual financial reports and recognized its inclusion in all previous statements. Since GASB members did not want to set a precedent for removing the materiality box from future statements, they decided to retain it in the exposure draft and not address the decision in the Basis for Conclusions. In the 19-page exposure draft, GASB evaluated certain word choices and alternatives for each portion of the financial report.5 The draft said GASB \"reviewed several dozen possible terms to replace Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, created by exchanging comprehensive for a synonym or rearranging the words in the existing term.\"

The development of modern military conscription systems is usually seen as a response to countries' security needs, and as reflection of national political ideologies like civic republicanism or democratic egalitarianism. This study of conscription politics in France and the United States in the first half of the twentieth century challenges such common sense interpretations. Instead, it shows how despite institutional and ideological differences, both countries implemented conscription systems shaped by political and military leaders' concerns about how taking ordinary family men for military service would affect men's presumed positions as heads of families, especially as breadwinners and figures of paternal authority. The first of its kind, this carefully researched book combines an ambitious range of scholarly traditions and offers an original comparison of how protection of men's household authority affected one of the paradigmatic institutions of modern states.

ObjectiveTo explore relationship of concussion history, career status, and years of contact football exposure on symptom frequency, symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and balance in elite football players.DesignCross-sectional single assessment study.SettingOutpatient therapy.ParticipantsElite football players (n=102) between the ages of 18–45 (age M=27.75±6.95 years) who were draft prospects (received an invitation to a pro day or the NFL combine), active professional players and retired professional players, without a concussion (>30 days) were invited to voluntarily participate.Outcome MeasureSports Concussion Assessment Tool components that were evaluated include: background information on the athlete, symptom evaluation, Modified Balance Error Scoring System (m-BESS), and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).Results58.8% of players reported symptoms. Most common symptoms were fatigue (33.3%), trouble falling asleep (31.4%), difficulty remembering (29.4%), and difficulty concentrating (20.6%). Multiple concussions group reported 3.07 times greater total symptoms, 3.58 times higher symptom severity, and lower SAC scores (1.42 points) compared to low concussion group. Professionals reported 1.88 times greater total symptoms and 2.35 times higher symptom severity compared to draft prospects. Retired players reported 7.07 times greater total symptoms, 8.97 times higher symptom severity, lower SAC scores (1.98 points), and 3.67 more m-BESS errors compared to draft prospects. Players with 11–19 years football exposure reported 3.83 times higher symptom severity compared to players with <11 years football exposure. Players with >19 years football exposure had 6.87 times higher symptom severity than players with <11 years football exposure. All results presented, p <.05.ConclusionsRetired players with multiple concussions and 19+ years of contact football exposure are likely to have more symptoms, higher symptom severity, and lower neurocognitive scores.