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The Janes
\"The electric follow-up to Louisa Luna's acclaimed thriller Two Girls Down, featuring private investigators Alice Vega and Max Caplan.\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Artificial Intelligence Crime: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Foreseeable Threats and Solutions
Artificial intelligence (AI) research and regulation seek to balance the benefits of innovation against any potential harms and disruption. However, one unintended consequence of the recent surge in AI research is the potential re-orientation of AI technologies to facilitate criminal acts, term in this article AI-Crime (AIC). AIC is theoretically feasible thanks to published experiments in automating fraud targeted at social media users, as well as demonstrations of AI-driven manipulation of simulated markets. However, because AIC is still a relatively young and inherently interdisciplinary area—spanning socio-legal studies to formal science—there is little certainty of what an AIC future might look like. This article offers the first systematic, interdisciplinary literature analysis of the foreseeable threats of AIC, providing ethicists, policy-makers, and law enforcement organisations with a synthesis of the current problems, and a possible solution space.
Journal Article
The Effects of Local Police Surges on Crime and Arrests in New York City
The New York Police Department (NYPD) under Operation Impact deployed extra police officers to high crime areas designated as impact zones. Officers were encouraged to conduct investigative stops in these areas. City officials credited the program as one of the leading causes of New York City's low crime rate. We tested the effects of Operation Impact on reported crimes and arrests from 2004 to 2012 using a difference-in-differences approach. We used Poisson regression models to compare differences in crime and arrest counts before and after census block groups were designated as impact zones compared to census block groups in the same NYPD precincts but outside impact zones. Impact zones were significantly associated with reductions in total reported crimes, assaults, burglaries, drug violations, misdemeanor crimes, felony property crimes, robberies, and felony violent crimes. Impact zones were significantly associated with increases in total reported arrests, arrests for burglary, arrests for weapons, arrests for misdemeanor crimes, and arrests for property felony crimes. Impact zones were also significantly associated with increases in investigative stops for suspected crimes, but only the increase in stops made based on probable cause indicators of criminal behaviors were associated with crime reductions. The largest increase in investigative stops in impact zones was based on indicators of suspicious behavior that had no measurable effect on crime. The findings suggest that saturating high crime blocks with police helped reduce crime in New York City, but that the bulk of the investigative stops did not play an important role in the crime reductions. The findings indicate that crime reduction can be achieved with more focused investigative stops.
Journal Article
The moments that led to Trump's Venezuela blockade
Since September, the U.S. has launched more than two dozen strikes on suspected drug smugglers in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific. Here's how we got here.
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The opium poppy genome and morphinan production
The opium poppy has been a source of painkillers since Neolithic times. Attendant risks of addiction threaten many today. Guo et al. now deliver a draft of the opium poppy genome, which encompasses 2.72 gigabases assembled into 11 chromosomes and predicts more than 50,000 protein-coding genes. A particularly complex gene cluster contains many critical enzymes in the metabolic pathway that generates the alkaloid drugs noscapine and morphinan. Science , this issue p. 343 The opium poppy genome reveals gene duplication, rearrangement, and fusion events that led to morphine production. Morphinan-based painkillers are derived from opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.). We report a draft of the opium poppy genome, with 2.72 gigabases assembled into 11 chromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 1.77 and 204 megabases, respectively. Synteny analysis suggests a whole-genome duplication at ~7.8 million years ago and ancient segmental or whole-genome duplication(s) that occurred before the Papaveraceae-Ranunculaceae divergence 110 million years ago. Syntenic blocks representative of phthalideisoquinoline and morphinan components of a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid cluster of 15 genes provide insight into how this cluster evolved. Paralog analysis identified P450 and oxidoreductase genes that combined to form the STORR gene fusion essential for morphinan biosynthesis in opium poppy. Thus, gene duplication, rearrangement, and fusion events have led to evolution of specialized metabolic products in opium poppy.
Journal Article
Analysis of México’s Narco-War Network (2007–2011)
Since December 2006, more than a thousand cities in México have suffered the effects of the war between several drug cartels, amongst themselves, as well as with Mexican armed forces. Sources are not in agreement about the number of casualties of this war, with reports varying from 30 to 100 thousand dead; the economic and social ravages are impossible to quantify. In this work we analyze the official report of casualties in terms of the location and the date of occurrence of the homicides. We show how the violence, as reflected by the number of casualties, has increased over time and spread across the country. Next, based on the correlations between cities in the changes of the monthly number of casualties attributed to organized crime, we construct a narco-war network where nodes are the affected cities and links represent correlations between them. We find that close geographical distance between violent cities does not imply a strong correlation amongst them. We observe that the dynamics of the conflict has evolved in short-term periods where a small core of violent cities determines the main theatre of the war at each stage. This kind of analysis may also help to describe the emergence and propagation of gang-related violence waves.
Journal Article
Study on centrality measures in social networks: a survey
Social networks are absolutely a useful and important place for connecting people within the world. A basic issue in a social network is to identify the key persons within it. This is why different centrality measures have been found over the years. In this survey paper, we present past and present research works on measures of centrality in social network. For this plan, we discuss mathematical definitions and different developed centrality measures. We also present some applications of centrality measures in biology, research, security, traffic, transportation, drug, class room. At last, our future research work on centrality measure is given.
Journal Article
Communication and Information Cooperation Patterns of The Republic of Indonesia Police (Polri)-Diraja Malaysia Police (PDRM) in Facing the Threat of Drug Smuggling in the Border Areas of North Kalimantan and Sabah
The issue of drug smuggling is a transnational issue that is an important thing to always be a concern of a country, especially Indonesia and Malaysia, on the North Kalimantan-Sabah border. This is certainly a problem that is very disturbing to both Indonesia and Malaysia. Apart from being economically detrimental, it is also dangerous for the next generation of the nation.Therefore, Indonesia and Malaysia also made efforts to eradicate drug smuggling, by creating a pattern of communication and information cooperation between PDRM-POLRI. This research is aimed at finding out how cooperation patterns work between PDRM-POLRI through communication and information approaches, in dealing with the threat of drug smuggling. This research uses the method is a qualitative research method using a descriptive-qualitative approach. The method of data collection was collected by means of documentation studies and literature studies through official Indonesian government web page documents that are open to the public, namely BNN and ASEAN which is a regional international organization and several journal articles. The results of the research reveal and explain patterns of cooperation between PDRM-POLRI shows the results, first, the cooperation carried out shows that drug smuggling circulating in the North Kalimantan region comes from abroad; second, this is evidenced by the arrests that occurred to Malaysian citizens as many as 68 people in 2019; Third, the type of drug smuggled in the North Kalimantan-Sabah border area is shabu. Fourth, the people involved in the drug network are a network of the same criminal organization.
Journal Article
