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"ECONOMIC PROBLEMS"
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The national origins of policy ideas
In politics, ideas matter. They provide the foundation for economic policymaking, which in turn shapes what is possible in domestic and international politics. Yet until now, little attention has been paid to how these ideas are produced and disseminated, and how this process varies between countries.The National Origins of Policy Ideasprovides the first comparative analysis of how \"knowledge regimes\"-communities of policy research organizations like think tanks, political party foundations, ad hoc commissions, and state research offices, and the institutions that govern them-generate ideas and communicate them to policymakers.
John Campbell and Ove Pedersen examine how knowledge regimes are organized, operate, and have changed over the last thirty years in the United States, France, Germany, and Denmark. They show how there are persistent national differences in how policy ideas are produced. Some countries do so in contentious, politically partisan ways, while others are cooperative and consensus oriented. They find that while knowledge regimes have adopted some common practices since the 1970s, tendencies toward convergence have been limited and outcomes have been heavily shaped by national contexts.
Drawing on extensive interviews with top officials at leading policy research organizations, this book demonstrates why knowledge regimes are as important to capitalism as the state and the firm, and sheds new light on debates about the effects of globalization, the rise of neoliberalism, and the orientation of comparative political economy in political science and sociology.
eBook
Edible economics : a hungry economist explains the world
\"Bestselling author and economist Ha-Joon Chang makes challenging economic ideas delicious by plating them alongside stories about food from around the world, using the diverse histories behind familiar food items to explore economic theory. For Chang, chocolate is a lifelong addiction, but more exciting are the insights it offers into postindustrial knowledge economies; and while okra makes Southern gumbo heart-meltingly smooth, it also speaks of capitalism's entangled relationship with freedom. Myth-busting, witty, and thought-provoking, Edible Economics serves up a feast of bold ideas about globalization, climate change, immigration, austerity, automation, and why carrots need not be orange. It shows that getting to grips with the economy is like learning a recipe: when we understand it, we can adapt and improve it--and better understand our world.\"--Front book jacket flap.
Book
Program-Targeted Resource Mobilization
Abstract—The mobilization economy is considered as a program-targeted method for solving extremely complex economic problems by concentrating a significant part of the information, intellectual, material, technical and financial resources of the country in key areas. A comparison is made between the radical reform of the Russian economy in the 1990s and anticrisis planning in 2009 and 2015 with the parameters of the mobilization economy. The historical experience of the work of the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the Urals, western Siberia and Kazakhstan in 1941–1943, the Administration of the Tennessee River Valley (1930s, United States) and the Administration of the Economic Development Program of the Komi Republic (1993–2004) is shown. The elements of the mobilization economy in solving modern regional problems are reflected.
Journal Article
Interrogating the Perceptions of Some South Africans towards African Migrants
South Africa has witnessed several xenophobic attacks over the years. Many African migrants, both legal and illegal, have been humiliated and killed in violent acts of hatred fuelled by the country's existing socioeconomic pressures and instigated by the media and politicians. Research on xenophobia has so far revealed South Africans do hold certain negative perceptions about African migrants, even though their validity has not been sufficiently proven to justify the motivation for these xenophobic attacks. This study adopts a desktop /secondary research approach: existing data from books, journals, articles, news reports and official publications were critically analysed and used in the study. The study presents and interrogates four perceptions to expose their invalidity. Findings revealed more valid reasons for the cause of xenophobia and the socio-economic problems South Africa faces daily. Furthermore, the perceptions of native South Africans towards African migrants are invalid, and lack sufficient evidence to support them, but that the real reasons behind xenophobic attacks are constructs and consequences made by the South African government. There is no justified need for widespread discrimination and violence towards an already disadvantaged group of people.
Journal Article
Siberian Development Vector: Based on Cooperation and Interaction
Abstract—The article reflects the position held by the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences regarding the problems and prospects of the socio-economic, scientific, and technological development of Siberia and the directions of strengthening its positions in the world and Russian space. The main development problems of Siberia and the Siberian Federal District are identified, taking into account modern challenges and threats. It is shown that the recovery of the Siberian economy as a whole and the regions of the Siberian Federal District, in particular, should be based on a significant increase in investment activity at all levels: macroregional, regional, and municipal. Proposals are made on a package of new Siberian investment projects with a focus on “embedding” Siberia in high-tech niches of the Russian and world economies, as well as on a system of priority measures that should be taken at the national, interregional, and regional levels.
Journal Article
Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a range of negative social and economic effects that may contribute to a rise in mental health problems. In this observational population-based study, we examined longitudinal changes in the prevalence of mental health problems from before to during the COVID-19 crisis and identified subgroups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic.
Participants (
= 14 393; observations = 48 486) were adults drawn from wave 9 (2017-2019) of the nationally representative United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and followed-up across three waves of assessment in April, May, and June 2020. Mental health problems were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).
The population prevalence of mental health problems (GHQ-12 score ⩾3) increased by 13.5 percentage points from 24.3% in 2017-2019 to 37.8% in April 2020 and remained elevated in May (34.7%) and June (31.9%) 2020. All sociodemographic groups examined showed statistically significant increases in mental health problems in April 2020. The increase was largest among those aged 18-34 years (18.6 percentage points, 95% CI 14.3-22.9%), followed by females and high-income and education groups. Levels of mental health problems subsequently declined between April and June 2020 but remained significantly above pre-COVID-19 levels. Additional analyses showed that the rise in mental health problems observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic was unlikely to be due to seasonality or year-to-year variation.
This study suggests that a pronounced and prolonged deterioration in mental health occurred as the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the UK between April and June 2020.
Journal Article