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Brand protection in the online world : a comprehensive guide
For those running e-commerce websites there are three ways to increase sales: increasing the quantity of visitors; increasing the percentage of visitors who buy from the site; and increasing the amount that visitors spend when they buy. E-commerce Website Optimization goes beyond simply increasing traffic, helping readers to improve conversion rates, increase ROI from online marketing campaigns, and generate higher levels of repeat business. It brings together usability, analytics and persuasion to offer a straightforward and detailed 5-step methodology of how to use the tools and techniques of Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) to increase the e-commerce value of websites. Grounded in the latest theory and research, this will help readers to be well-informed and confident to make the right choices. Backed up with a range of invaluable case studies, E-commerce Website Optimization is perfect for those seeking to implement a data-driven ethos to their organization's e-commerce programme, based on market-tested and robust split-test methodology used across a range of commercial businesses. It supports all those responsible for online sales within an organization, be they the Chief Digital Officer, Head of Online Sales or E-commerce; or entrepreneurs and owners of small businesses deriving a substantial proportion of revenue from e-commerce.
Book
Metropolitan innovation, firm size, and business survival in a high-tech industry
This paper contributes to the growing body of business survival literature that focuses on regional determinants of the hazard faced by firms. Using parametric survival analysis, we test the effects of regional innovation on exit likelihood in the US computer and electronic product manufacturing during the 1992-2008 period. The novelty of our approach is in conditioning the effects of metropolitan innovation on firm size. Estimation results suggest a negative relationship between metropolitan patenting activity and survival of firms that started with 1-3 employees. This effect decreases if companies grow. Establishments with more than 4 employees at start-up are insensitive to metropolitan innovation, although size of firms that started with 4-9 employees improves their survival chances. These findings indicate that local knowledge spillovers do not translate into lower hazard. The negative relationship indicates either a creative destruction regime or decisions of entrepreneurs to shut down existing ventures in order to pursue other opportunities.
Journal Article
Fast growth of inch-sized single-crystalline graphene from a controlled single nucleus on Cu–Ni alloys
A modified chemical vapour deposition set-up allowing extremely localized injection of carbon precursors on a Cu–Ni substrate is used for the fast growth of large-area single-crystalline monolayers of graphene.
Wafer-scale single-crystalline graphene monolayers are highly sought after as an ideal platform for electronic and other applications
1
,
2
,
3
. At present, state-of-the-art growth methods based on chemical vapour deposition allow the synthesis of one-centimetre-sized single-crystalline graphene domains in ∼12 h, by suppressing nucleation events on the growth substrate
4
. Here we demonstrate an efficient strategy for achieving large-area single-crystalline graphene by letting a single nucleus evolve into a monolayer at a fast rate. By locally feeding carbon precursors to a desired position of a substrate composed of an optimized Cu–Ni alloy, we synthesized an ∼1.5-inch-large graphene monolayer in 2.5 h. Localized feeding induces the formation of a single nucleus on the entire substrate, and the optimized alloy activates an isothermal segregation mechanism that greatly expedites the growth rate
5
,
6
. This approach may also prove effective for the synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystalline monolayers of other two-dimensional materials.
Journal Article
Evidence of an odd-parity hidden order in a spin–orbit coupled correlated iridate
The Mott insulator Sr
2
IrO
4
is intensively studied because of its electronic similarity to the high-temperature cuprate superconductor La
2
CuO
4
. Now, spectroscopic experiments reveal evidence for a hidden order with odd-parity symmetry in this system.
A rare combination of strong spin–orbit coupling and electron–electron correlations makes the iridate Mott insulator Sr
2
IrO
4
a promising host for novel electronic phases of matter
1
,
2
. The resemblance of its crystallographic, magnetic and electronic structures
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
to La
2
CuO
4
, as well as the emergence on doping of a pseudogap region
7
,
8
,
9
and a low-temperature
d
-wave gap
10
,
11
, has particularly strengthened analogies to cuprate high-
T
c
superconductors
12
. However, unlike the cuprate phase diagram, which features a plethora of broken symmetry phases
13
in a pseudogap region that includes charge density wave, stripe, nematic and possibly intra-unit-cell loop-current orders, no broken symmetry phases proximate to the parent antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phase in Sr
2
IrO
4
have been observed so far, making the comparison of iridate to cuprate phenomenology incomplete. Using optical second-harmonic generation, we report evidence of a hidden non-dipolar magnetic order in Sr
2
IrO
4
that breaks both the spatial inversion and rotational symmetries of the underlying tetragonal lattice. Four distinct domain types corresponding to discrete 90°-rotated orientations of a pseudovector order parameter are identified using nonlinear optical microscopy, which is expected from an electronic phase that possesses the symmetries of a magneto-electric loop-current order
14
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
18
. The onset temperature of this phase is monotonically suppressed with bulk hole doping, albeit much more weakly than the Néel temperature, revealing an extended region of the phase diagram with purely hidden order. Driving this hidden phase to its quantum critical point may be a path to realizing superconductivity in Sr
2
IrO
4
.
Journal Article
Quasiparticle mass enhancement approaching optimal doping in a high-Tc superconductor
Thirty years on, and the mechanism of superconductivity in copper-oxide superconductors remains a mystery. Knowledge of their normal nonsuperconducting state is also incomplete; however, we do know that the more robust the superconductivity, the higher the magnetic fields required to suppress it. Ramshaw et al. studied samples of three different compositions of the copper-oxide YBa2Cu3O6+δ in magnetic fields exceeding 90 T. They found that as the oxygen content increased toward the point of the maximum transition temperature, the conducting electrons became heavier and heavier. This mass enhancement reflected an increase in electronic correlations, which in turn may be a signature of a quantum critical point. Science, this issue p. 317 In the quest for superconductors with higher transition temperatures (Tc), one emerging motif is that electronic interactions favorable for superconductivity can be enhanced by fluctuations of a broken-symmetry phase. Recent experiments have suggested the existence of the requisite broken-symmetry phase in the high-Tc cuprates, but the impact of such a phase on the ground-state electronic interactions has remained unclear. We used magnetic fields exceeding 90 tesla to access the underlying metallic state of the cuprate YBa2Cu3O6+δ over a wide range of doping, and observed magnetic quantum oscillations that reveal a strong enhancement of the quasiparticle effective mass toward optimal doping. This mass enhancement results from increasing electronic interactions approaching optimal doping, and suggests a quantum critical point at a hole doping of pcrit [approximate] 0.18.
Journal Article
The Influence of Green Innovation Performance on Corporate Advantage in Taiwan
The purpose of this study was to explore whether the performance of the green innovation brought positive effect to the competitive advantage. This study found that the performances of the green product innovation and green process innovation were positively correlated to the corporate competitive advantage. Therefore, the result meant that the investment in the green product innovation and green process innovation was helpful to the businesses. This study argued that the businesses should cognize the correct value and positioning of the green innovation.
Journal Article
Highly efficient large-area colourless luminescent solar concentrators using heavy-metal-free colloidal quantum dots
Luminescent solar concentrators serving as semitransparent photovoltaic windows could become an important element in net zero energy consumption buildings of the future. Colloidal quantum dots are promising materials for luminescent solar concentrators as they can be engineered to provide the large Stokes shift necessary for suppressing reabsorption losses in large-area devices. Existing Stokes-shift-engineered quantum dots allow for only partial coverage of the solar spectrum, which limits their light-harvesting ability and leads to colouring of the luminescent solar concentrators, complicating their use in architecture. Here, we use quantum dots of ternary I–III–VI
2
semiconductors to realize the first large-area quantum dot–luminescent solar concentrators free of toxic elements, with reduced reabsorption and extended coverage of the solar spectrum. By incorporating CuInSe
x
S
2–
x
quantum dots into photo-polymerized poly(lauryl methacrylate), we obtain freestanding, colourless slabs that introduce no distortion to perceived colours and are thus well suited for the realization of photovoltaic windows. Thanks to the suppressed reabsorption and high emission efficiencies of the quantum dots, we achieve an optical power efficiency of 3.2%. Ultrafast spectroscopy studies suggest that the Stokes-shifted emission involves a conduction-band electron and a hole residing in an intragap state associated with a native defect.
Colourless panels that can concentrate solar light and improve the efficiency of solar cells can now be fabricated with non-toxic quantum dots.
Journal Article
From a Single-Band Metal to a High-Temperature Superconductor via Two Thermal Phase Transitions
The nature of the pseudogap phase of cuprate high-temperature superconductors is a major unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. We studied the commencement of the pseudogap state at temperature T* using three different techniques (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, polar Kerr effect, and time-resolved reflectivity) on the same optimally doped Bi2201 crystals. We observed the coincident, abrupt onset at T* of a particle-hole asymmetric antinodal gap in the electronic spectrum, a Kerr rotation in the reflected light polarization, and a change in the ultrafast relaxational dynamics, consistent with a phase transition. Upon further cooling, spectroscopic signatures of superconductivity begin to grow close to the superconducting transition temperature (T c ), entangled in an energy-momentum—dependent manner with the preexisting pseudogap features, ushering in a ground state with coexisting orders.
Journal Article
The influence of prior industry affiliation on framing in nascent industries: the evolution of digital cameras
New industries sparked by technological change are characterized by high uncertainty. In this paper, we explore how a firm's conceptualization of products in this context, as reflected by product feature choices, is influenced by prior industry affiliation. We study digital cameras introduced from 1991-2006 by firms from three prior industries. We hypothesize and find that: (1) prior industry experience shapes a set of shared beliefs that results in similar and concurrent firm behavior; (2) firms notice and imitate the behaviors of firms from the same prior industry; and, (3) as firms gain experience with particular features, the influence of prior industry decreases. This study extends previous research on firm entry into new domains by examining heterogeneity in firms' framing and feature-level entry choices.
Journal Article
Low-field magnetoelectric effect at room temperature
Only few magnetoelectric materials, where magnetism and ferroelectricity are coupled, are known to exist at room temperature, and in most cases the magnetoelectric coupling is weak. The discovery of strong room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in Sr
3
Co
2
Fe
24
O
41
at low magnetic fields is therefore a significant advance towards the practical application of multiferroics.
The discoveries of gigantic ferroelectric polarization in BiFeO
3
(ref.
1
) and ferroelectricity accompanied by a magnetic order in TbMnO
3
(ref.
2
) have renewed interest in research on magnetoelectric multiferroics
3
,
4
, materials in which magnetic and ferroelectric orders coexist, from both fundamental and technological points of view
5
,
6
,
7
. Among several different types of magnetoelectric multiferroic
8
,
9
, magnetically induced ferroelectrics in which ferroelectricity is induced by complex magnetic orders, such as spiral orders, exhibit giant magnetoelectric effects, remarkable changes in electric polarization in response to a magnetic field. Many magnetically induced ferroelectrics showing the magnetoelectric effects have been found in the past several years
10
. From a practical point of view, however, their magnetoelectric effects are useless because they operate only far below room temperature (for example, 28 K in TbMnO
3
(ref.
2
) and 230 K in CuO (ref.
11
)). Furthermore, in most of them, the operating magnetic field is an order of tesla that is too high for practical applications. Here we report materials, Z-type hexaferrites, overcoming these problems on magnetically induced ferroelectrics. The best magnetoelectric properties were obtained for Sr
3
Co
2
Fe
24
O
41
ceramics sintered in oxygen, which exhibit a low-field magnetoelectric effect at room temperature. Our result represents an important step towards practical device applications using the magnetoelectric effects.
Journal Article